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  #1   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 09:20
ReginaW's Avatar
ReginaW ReginaW is offline
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Default Obesity and Diabetes Increase Risk of Endometrial Cancer

Obesity and Diabetes Increase Risk of Endometrial Cancer

Researchers from Norway have reported that obesity and diabetes increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer while smoking decreases the risk. The details of this study appeared in an early online publication in the British Journal of Cancer on March 25.1

Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynecologic cancer in women, with 36,100 new cases each year. This incidence would be higher if it were not for the relatively large number of hysterectomies performed for non-cancerous reasons. It is estimated that approximately 6,500 women will die of uterine cancer in the United States each year. The lifetime risk of developing uterine cancer for an American woman is 2%.

There has been an increase in the incidence of, but not mortality from, endometrial cancer since the mid 1970s, which has been attributed to the use of hormone replacement therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms. Factors associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer include obesity, a high-fat diet, and a prolonged exposure to the female hormone, estrogen. Women who begin to menstruate early in life, experience a late menopause, and/or have no children have the longest exposure to estrogen, and are thus at the highest risk. Completion of at least one pregnancy appears to lower the risk of uterine cancer by 50%. The risk also decreases in proportion to the number of induced abortions. Women who take oral contraceptives also appear to have a reduction in the incidence of uterine cancer. A recent study has also suggested that lack of sun exposure and low vitamin D levels can increase the incidence of endometrial cancer.

Obesity has been associated with an increased incidence of several cancers including endometrial cancer, but the exact extent of risk of various cancers associated with obesity is poorly documented in the literature.

The current study involved 36,761 Norwegian women who were evaluated over a 16-year period. Two-hundred twenty-two cases of endometrial cancer occurred in this group of women. A normal body mass index (BMI) was defined as 10-24 kg/m2. Women who had a low BMI (<20 kg/m2) had a 50% reduction in the risk of developing endometrial cancer compared with those with a normal BMI. Women who had a BMI of 35-39 kg/m2 had a fourfold increase in the risk of developing endometrial cancer while women with a BMI of >40 kg/k2 had a sixfold increase. Women with known diabetes had a threefold increase in the risk of endometrial cancer, while smokers had a 50% reduction in risk compared with non-smokers.

Comment: These are ominous data for the U.S. population where obesity has reached epidemic proportions.

http://professional.cancerconsultan...s.aspx?id=41753
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  #2   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 09:54
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Hutchinson Hutchinson is offline
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There is a complicated relationship between fatty tissue and Vitamin D status.
This paper explains it in more detail.
Relationships of low serum vitamin D3 with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity.

The problem arises because the current standards for Vitamin D supplementation and what is regarded as Vitamin D sufficiency is also too low. Paleo man would have had a 25(OH)D at least 50ng/ml and probably around 200ng/ml.
Hardly anyone in the UK ever gets much over 30ng/ml.
Your body only begins to store vit d over 40ng/ml and to reach that you need 4000iu/daily approx.
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  #3   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 10:18
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KarenJ KarenJ is offline
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Quote:
Researchers from Norway have reported that obesity and diabetes increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer while smoking decreases the risk.


What a totally unexpected sentence. I was expecting something like "exercise", not "smoking"!!
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  #4   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 10:40
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ReginaW ReginaW is offline
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Quote:
Originally Posted by KarenJ
What a totally unexpected sentence. I was expecting something like "exercise", not "smoking"!!


Definitely not something I'm up on with the research, but from what I've been able to piece together in dribs and drabs...it's probably due to nicotine stimulating a release of fatty acids from stored body fat for use as energy.

If I remember correctly, Taubes touched on it in his book, noting that when one stops smoking, the weight gain is in part due to less fatty acids being released for energy, not necessarily from eating more calories....based on the whole premise that part of obesity is due to lack of recognition of available energy stores in the body is tied to hormones - high insulin and such.

Which it seems, if nicotine does stimulate release of fatty acids, it then could reduce risk by providing more energy for use, thus less need to eat more to have the energy available....so smoking then would reduce the risk, not because it's good for you, but because it's altering the availability of energy in an otherwise problematic hormonal state. Does that make sense?
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  #5   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 12:01
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Wyvrn Wyvrn is offline
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Quote:
Originally Posted by ReginaW
Which it seems, if nicotine does stimulate release of fatty acids, it then could reduce risk by providing more energy for use, thus less need to eat more to have the energy available....so smoking then would reduce the risk, not because it's good for you, but because it's altering the availability of energy in an otherwise problematic hormonal state. Does that make sense?
hmmm... nicotine patches as the new weight loss drug...
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  #6   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 12:45
KarenJ's Avatar
KarenJ KarenJ is offline
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Regina, Yes that does make sense.

If I remember correctly, when actual data from the China study were analyzed, home-made-cigarette smokers had less cancer. I wonder if "altering the availability of energy in an otherwise problematic hormonal state" could be a reason why.
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  #7   ^
Old Wed, Apr-09-08, 12:54
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ReginaW ReginaW is offline
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Quote:
Originally Posted by KarenJ
Regina, Yes that does make sense.

If I remember correctly, when actual data from the China study were analyzed, home-made-cigarette smokers had less cancer. I wonder if "altering the availability of energy in an otherwise problematic hormonal state" could be a reason why.


It really makes you wonder because two of the longest living populations - Japan and France - both have some of the highest rates of smoking in their populations...yet the data clearly shows smoking is definitely detrimental to health outcomes.....yet two countries with polar opposite dietary habits, smoke more and live longer than other countries. Go figure?
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