Good to see this article-- I went down the rabbit hole a couple years ago pursuing the ALA, AL, DHA issue and after 12 hours of digging came up with the same conclusions. Animal sources of fats.
Humans cannot covert vegetable precursors well into DHA. However, other animals can! In reality, they just concentrate it for us.
Milk and dairy was not included in the above; here is one source with a great explanation and research testing of grass fed v. conventional dairy production feeding. With grass fed rated at the top.
https://www.vitalchoice.com/article...nal-counterpart
This source is a nay-sayer for using milk as a good source, but note the 8.3% is far higher than many of the items in Dr Edes list. And this was organic milk-- orgainic milk is NOT the same as grass fed milk.
http://www.mariespano.com/organicmilk/
Quote:
Milk is not considered a major source of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet, regardless of milk type. In fact, according to one study, 1 cup of organic whole milk has about 8.2 mg of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 11 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to 6.2 mg of EPA and 9.1 mg of DHA. That’s a far cry from the 250 – 500 mg of EPA + DHA we should get, on average, each day. Fatty fish are the best way to get EPA and DHA.
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I do spend my money on grass fed cream and butter. I dont buy milk anymore unless it is grass fed whole milk. ( Our milk consumption decreased a long time ago.) VERY difficult to find grass-fed cheeses.
Eggs. As for increasing DHA in eggs-- clearly increasing flax oil in the hen's diet is not useful, as the nutrient increased is ALA and us humans cannot convert more than 10%. Perhaps better to put money into a DHA supplement directly than pay more for eggs. (Unless you can get truly grass fed eggs. See next paragraph)
( source;
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108729 )
This article is a bit more comprehensive,
https://www.healthline.com/nutritio...l-eggs#section4 , Take note of the difference in overall nutrients in a FREE RANGE chicken, and this is the on grass all day type , not the " allowed to go out" type. While the Omega 3's are increased by 3 times the conventionally fed birds, remember this also includes the portion of ALA. BUt it is still 3x in this study.
Dr Mercola on his site (
https://foodfacts.mercola.com/organ...ed-chicken.html )reports :
Quote:
Rich in omega-3 fats: In a 2008 study published in the journal Poultry Science, Portuguese researchers discovered that pasture-raised chicken has significantly higher amounts of omega-3 fatty acids than chickens that do not have access to fresh forage.4
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My personal observations: Chicken egg quality is an area of interest as I do have a small flock that forage all year long, and get supplemental feed, yet their yolks are much darker, actually an orange, most of the year. A bit lighter thru the winter, but still darker than commercial eggs. this coloring is actually Vit A content-- and I can only wonder if the Omega 3 is any higher.
All I can say is that my birds travel long distances around the farm, looking for greens and bugs.....
and their gift is gold.