Re: Does eating carbohydrates lead to metabolic disorders?
On 30 May 2005 18:59:49 GMT, calypso47~voyager.net wrote in
<news:429b62a5$0$3456$4d5ecec7~reader.city-net.com> on
sci.med.nutrition :
> We hear much in the popular press and in various discussion
> contexts, like this one, that some think carbohydrate intake
> leads to metabolic syndrome and that to other kinds of
> metabolic disorders. It is expressed in some form as "don't
> eat refined carbohydrates and avoid metabolic problems doing
> so causes". This is often presented in the context of
> glycemic index/load food consuption and avoiding eating high
> such foods because it leads to the disorders. Many notions
> are strung together in support of such conclusions, it is a
> testable notion that eating refined high gi/gl carbohydrates
> leads to insulin resistance, a part of the metabolic
> syndrome; and so it has been. The june 2005 "diabetes care"
> journal has this:
>
> "Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Fiber, Simple
> Sugars, and Insulin Resistance: The Inter99 study"
>
> "CONCLUSIONS: Habitual intake of diets with a high glycemic
> index and high glycemic load or diets with a high content of
> total carbohydrate including simple sugars was not
> associated with the probability of having insulin
> resistance. Furthermore, intake of dietary fiber was
> inversely associated with the probability of having insulin
> resistance."
Perhaps we must look into it more closely and understand what
kinds of "high glycemic load" diet they actually ate.
The article says: "Intake of dietary fiber explained the
associations [of insulin resistance] with daily glycemic
load".
Thus I gather they got their carbohydrate from foods rich in
fiber, such as whole grains, perhaps, and fruit and vegetables
(mentioned in the abstract), as opposite to a diet rich in
refined grains, or added sugar, am I right?
The mentioned "high IG" foods, are fruits, by the way?
What GI and GL do they consider "high"? (GI > 55 ?)
Here is the abstract...
=======================
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/6/13-
97
Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Fiber, Simple Sugars,
and Insulin Resistance The Inter99 study Cathrine Lau, MSC1,2,
Kristine Færch, MSC1,2, Charlotte Glümer, MD, PHD1,3, Inge
Tetens, MSC, PHD2, Oluf Pedersen, MD, DMSC1,4, Bendix
Carstensen, MSC1, Torben Jørgensen, MD, DMSC3 and Knut
Borch-Johnsen, MD, DMSC1
1 Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark 2 Department of
Human Nutrition, LMC Centre for Advanced Food Studies, the
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg,
Denmark 3 Research Centre for Prevention and Health,
Glostrup, Denmark 4 Faculty of Health, University of Aarhus,
Aarhus, Denmark
[...]
OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship between daily glycemic
index, daily glycemic load, simple sugars, dietary fiber, and
the prevalence of a measure of insulin resistance in 30- to
60-year-old nondiabetic Danish men and women.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Inter99 study is a
nonpharmacological intervention study. We used baseline data
and examined cross-sectional associations between
carbohydrate-related dietary factors and an estimate of
insulin resistance in 5,675 subjects at 30–60 years. The
dietary intake was estimated from a self-administered food
frequency questionnaire, and insulin resistance was estimated
using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
(HOMA-IR). Multiple regressions were performed with HOMA-IR as
the dependent variable and carbohydrate-related factors as
explanatory variables. All models were adjusted for age, sex,
smoking, physical activity, total energy intake, BMI, and
waist circumference.
RESULTS—Intake of lactose was positively associated with
HOMA-IR (P < .0001), whereas daily glycemic load and intake
of glucose, fructose, dietary fiber, total carbohydrate,
fruit, and vegetables were inversely associated with HOMA-IR
(P < 0.05). Intake of dietary fiber explained the
associations with daily glycemic load and total carbohydrate
and attenuated the association with fruit and vegetables. No
significant associations were observed for daily glycemic
index or sucrose.
CONCLUSIONS—Habitual intake of diets with a high glycemic
index and high glycemic load or diets with a high content of
total carbohydrate including simple sugars was not associated
with the probability of having insulin resistance.
Furthermore, intake of dietary fiber was inversely associated
with the probability of having insulin resistance.
Abbreviations: 2-h PG, 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose •
FFQ, food frequency questionnaire • FPG, fasting plasma
glucose • HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin
resistance
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