Wed, Sep-26-12, 08:34
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Senior Member
Posts: 15,075
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Plan: mostly milkfat
Stats: 190/152.4/154
BF:
Progress: 104%
Location: Ontario
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The study participants will be told eat either three or nine meals a day in order to evaluate the effects of the different regimens. In addition to that blood pressure, levels of insulin, glucose and fatty acids of all study participants will be recorded. According to one hypothesis frequent meals prevent a high influx of fatty acids.
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It's the glucose and insulin, stupid.
David Jenkins did a study that I never shut up about where he either gave human subjects 50 grams of glucose as a quick drink, or slowly sipped over three and a half hours. The gulp spiked glucose and insulin, followed by a drop, the drop was accompanied by a spike in free fatty acids (and of course free fatty acids had also plunged with the glucose and insulin rises, before this)--necessary to protect against hypoglycemia, and to provide fuel once the glucose is out of the way. Sipping the glucose resulted in much lower insulin, and a much lower glucose elevation. Also, a more gradual decrease in free fatty acids. But the free fatty acids sort of stay lower, at least over the period studied--no rebound. I'm not entirely certain this is a positive. Bring in the glucose slowly enough, and your liver can deal with the glucose load more effectively by decreasing glycolysis and increasing glycogen storage, less insulin is needed.
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Modifying the rate of absorption has been proposed as a therapeutic principle of specific relevance to diabetes. To demonstrate clearly the metabolic benefits that might result from reducing the rate of nutrient delivery, nine healthy volunteers took 50 g glucose in 700 ml water on two occasions: over 5–10 min (bolus) and at a constant rate over 3.5 h (sipping). Despite similar 4-h blood glucose areas, large reductions were seen in serum insulin (54 ± 10%, P < 0.001) and C-peptide (47 ± 12%, P < 0.01) areas after sipping, together with lower gastric inhibitory polypeptide and enteroglucagon levels and urinary catecholamine output. There was also prolonged suppression of plasma glucagon, growth hormone, and free-fatty acid (FFA) levels after sipping, whereas these levels rose 3–4 h after the glucose bolus. An intravenous glucose tolerance test at 4 h demonstrated a 48 ± 10% (P < 0.01) more rapid decline in blood glucose (Kg) after sipping than after the bolus. Furthermore, FFA and total branched-chain amino acid levels as additional markers of insulin action were lower over this period despite similar absolute levels of insulin and C-peptide. These findings indicate that prolonging the rate of glucose absorption enhances insulin economy and glucose disposal.
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http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/7/775
There was a study RightNow put in her journal a few years back, small amounts of IV glucose gave a greater increase in leptin than what you'd expect from the calories--slower infusion, more effective suppression of lipolysis, lower free fatty acids--higher leptin? Free fatty acids suppress the secretion of leptin, at least in a petrie dish they do. This has always seemed to me to be something worth trying. I've spiked my water supply with sodium/potassium (half salt), I find I can drink a teaspoon and a half in about two liters of water a day without the water tasting like ass. It wouldn't be hard to add a little sugar. |
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