Down Regulation & Insulin Resistance?

[Kumar]

Hello,

Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who don't
deny or agree on this possibilty. In such consideration, why
increased insulin's exposure ( natural or medicated) to
target cells, which can be common in type2 people, address
one mechanism for getting insulin's resistance and
hyperglycemia in type2 diabetes?

"Downregulation Downregulation is the process by which a cell
decreases the number of a cellular component, such as RNA or
protein, in response to an external variable. An increase of
component is called upregulation.

For example, the cell decreases the number of receptors to a
given hormone or neurotransmitter to reduce its sensitivity to
this molecule. This is a locally acting negative feedback
mechanism.

[edit] Receptor downregulation

[edit] Mechanism For insulin, the process of downregulation
occurs when there are elevated levels of the hormone in the
blood. When insulin binds to its receptors on the surface of
a cell, endocytosis of the hormone receptor complex is
initiated, only to be subsequently attacked by intracellular
lysosomal enzymes. The internalization is multi- purposed,
as it provides the pathway for degradation of the hormone
and also a way to regulate the number of sites that are
available for binding on the cell=A2s surface. At high
plasma concentrations, the number of surface receptors for
insulin is gradually reduced by the accelerated rate of
receptor internalization and degradation brought about by
increased hormonal binding. The rate of synthesis of new
receptors within the endoplasmic reticulum and their
insertion in the plasma membrane do not keep pace with their
rate of destruction. Over time, this self-induced loss of
target cell receptors for insulin reduces the target
cell=A2s sensitivity to the elevated hormone concentration.
The process of decreasing the number of receptor sites is
virtually the same for all hormones; it only varies in the
receptor hormone complex.

[edit] Cases To illustrate this process we shall look at the
insulin receptor sites on the target cells of a type 2
diabetic. Due to the elevated levels of blood glucose from
excessive feeding in an overweight individual, the =E2-cells
(islets of Langerhans) in the pancreas must release more
insulin than normally emitted to match the demand and return
the blood to homeostatic levels. The near-constant increase in
blood insulin levels results from an effort to match the
increase in blood glucose, which will cause receptor sites on
the person=A2s cell to downregulate and decrease the number of
receptors for insulin, increasing the subject=A2s resistance
by decreasing sensitivity to this hormone. There is also a
hepatic decrease in sensitivity to insulin. This can be seen
in the continuing gluconeogenesis in the liver even when blood
glucose levels are elevated. This is the more common process
of insulin resistance, which in turn leads to adult onset
diabetes in that subject. Other cases include Diabetes
insipidus; here the kidneys become insensitive to arginine
vasopressin.

[edit] Reversal There are ways to counteract this process;
using the previous example a type 2 diabetic may increase
their sensitivity to insulin through proper diet and regular
exercise producing weight loss; some may even return to their
pre-diabetic state following this regimen."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation

[Anja Lange]

Kumar wrote:

> Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
> check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who don't
> deny or agree on this possibilty.

If you understand german I recommend the following link to
read some facts and practical advice on that subject: http-
://www.chrostek.de/index.php/Curriculum/up%20und%20down%20-
Regulation

The concept is used in insulin pump therapy but the mechanism
applies to all.

Anja

[Kumar]

On Mar 15, 2:31=A0pm, "Anja Lange" <anja.lae...@gmx.de> wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
> > Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
> > check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who don't
> > deny or agree on this possibilty.
>
> If you understand german I recommend the following link to
> read some facts=

> and practical advice on that
> subject:http://www.chrostek.de/index.php/Curr=
iculum/up%20und%20down%20Regulation
>
> The concept is used in insulin pump therapy but the
> mechanism applies to all.
>
> Anja

Thanks but sorry I don't understand german. Can you or other
brief it in english or provide an english link.

[Marshall P]

Kumar wrote:
> Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
> check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who don't
> deny or agree on this possibilty.

> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation

I disagree; the topic may be "important," but as it stands,
it's a lousy article.

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Kumar]

On Mar 21, 11:02=A0am, Marshall Price
<d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
> > Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
> > check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who don't
> > deny or agree on this possibilty.
> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation
>
> I disagree; the topic may be "important," but as it stands,
> it's a lousy article.
>
> --
> Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

Pls look at it;

http://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/dteam/2008-03/d_0d_f3e.htm

I aso checked about possibility of such downregulation with
Diabetics UK. Why such downregulation of insulin's receptors
can't happen and adress one reason to so called insulin
resistance esp. when other hormones can cause downregulations
of thir receptors?

Possible clues, which can indicate excessive exposures of
insulin can be;

1. IR commonly happens in type2 diabetics, naturally or
medicated.
2. IR looks to be reversed in later stages of type2, probably,
on getting frank diabetes or when beta cells are really
damaged due to previous over burdens on them.
3. Obesity may also be linked to either increase insulins
secretion or its decreases use, still overexposed to
target cells.

4. Irregular and over-eating & opting Sed. and modern
lifestyle may be resuting increased and irregular insulin's
secretion & exposures.

Looks, real issues are predisposed or acquired excessive
cravings to eat, opting sed./modern lifestyles & chronic
stressors in crowded cities--pollutions, noise, lighting,
crowdings etc.

Today, I looked at my daugter force feeding her 2 years old
boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding to kids can be
common in most mothers as a practice, misconception ot just
sentiment-- love & affection. Can't it cause an aquired habit
to overeat and expose more insulin to target cells and
mediating diabetes2?

Do normal kids really need to be forced(aided? feeded, even
when they don't demand?

[Kumar]

On Mar 21, 11:04=A0am, Marshall Price
<d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
> > On Mar 15, 2:31 pm, "Anja Lange" <anja.lae...@gmx.de>
> > wrote:
> >> Kumar wrote:
> >>> Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
> >>> check it from=

> >>> other reputed people in diabetes, who don't deny or
> >>> agree on this possibilty.
> >> If you understand german I recommend the following link
> >> to read some fa=
cts
> >> and practical advice on that
> >> subject:http://www.chrostek.de/index.php/C=
urriculum/up%20und%20down%20Regulation
>
> >> The concept is used in insulin pump therapy but the
> >> mechanism applies t=
o
> >> all.
>
> >> Anja
>
> > Thanks but sorry I don't understand german. Can you or
> > other brief it in english or provide an english link.
>
> It's mainly about glucose transporters (GLUT).
>
> --
> Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c- Hide
> quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Sorry but GLUT4 are insulin-regulated glucose transporter.

[Kumar]

On Mar 21, 1:11=A0pm, Kumar <lordshiva5...@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mar 21, 11:04=A0am, Marshall Price
> <d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > Kumar wrote:
> > > On Mar 15, 2:31 pm, "Anja Lange" <anja.lae...@gmx.de>
> > > wrote:
> > >> Kumar wrote:
> > >>> Following article is very important if valid. I tried
> > >>> to check it fr=
om
> > >>> other reputed people in diabetes, who don't deny or
> > >>> agree on this possibilty.
> > >> If you understand german I recommend the following link
> > >> to read some =
facts
> > >> and practical advice on that
> > >> subject:http://www.chrostek.de/index.php=
/Curriculum/up%20und%20down%20Regulation
>
> > >> The concept is used in insulin pump therapy but the
> > >> mechanism applies=
to
> > >> all.
>
> > >> Anja
>
> > > Thanks but sorry I don't understand german. Can you or
> > > other brief it in english or provide an english link.
>
> > It's mainly about glucose transporters (GLUT).
>
> > --
> > Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c- Hide
> > quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -
>
> Sorry but =A0GLUT4 are insulin-regulated glucose
> transporter.- Hide quoted=
text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Following quote also tells ;Insulin induces the
redistribution of GLUT4

"GLUT4 is the insulin-regulated glucose transporter found in
adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac)
that is responsible for insulin-regulated glucose disposal.
[edit] Reaction to insulin In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is
sequestered in the interior of muscle and fat cells, within
the lipid bilayer of vesicles.

Insulin induces the redistribution of GLUT4 from intracellular
storage sites to the plasma membrane."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT4

[Kumar]

On Mar 21, 1:11=A0pm, Kumar <lordshiva5...@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mar 21, 11:04=A0am, Marshall Price
> <d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > Kumar wrote:
> > > On Mar 15, 2:31 pm, "Anja Lange" <anja.lae...@gmx.de>
> > > wrote:
> > >> Kumar wrote:
> > >>> Following article is very important if valid. I tried
> > >>> to check it fr=
om
> > >>> other reputed people in diabetes, who don't deny or
> > >>> agree on this possibilty.
> > >> If you understand german I recommend the following link
> > >> to read some =
facts
> > >> and practical advice on that
> > >> subject:http://www.chrostek.de/index.php=
/Curriculum/up%20und%20down%20Regulation
>
> > >> The concept is used in insulin pump therapy but the
> > >> mechanism applies=
to
> > >> all.
>
> > >> Anja
>
> > > Thanks but sorry I don't understand german. Can you or
> > > other brief it in english or provide an english link.
>
> > It's mainly about glucose transporters (GLUT).
>
> > --
> > Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c- Hide
> > quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -
>
> Sorry but =A0GLUT4 are insulin-regulated glucose
> transporter.- Hide quoted=
text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Direct and indirect affects can be as under;

"Effect of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism. Insulin
binds to its receptor (1) which in turn starts many protein
activation cascades
(2). These include: translocation of Glut-4 transporter to the
plasma membrane and influx of glucose (3), glycogen
synthesis (4), glycolysis
(3) and fatty acid synthesis (6).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_receptor "

[Marshall P]

Kumar wrote:
> On Mar 15, 2:31 pm, "Anja Lange" <anja.lae...@gmx.de> wrote:
>> Kumar wrote:
>>> Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
>>> check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who don't
>>> deny or agree on this possibilty.
>> If you understand german I recommend the following link to
>> read some facts and practical advice on that subject:http:-
>> //www.chrostek.de/index.php/Curriculum/up%20und%20down%20R-
>> egulation
>>
>> The concept is used in insulin pump therapy but the
>> mechanism applies to all.
>>
>> Anja
>
> Thanks but sorry I don't understand german. Can you or other
> brief it in english or provide an english link.

It's mainly about glucose transporters (GLUT).

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Kumar]

On Mar 23, 6:38=A0pm, Marshall Price
<d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
> > Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her
> > 2-year-old boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding to
> > kids can be common in most mothers as a practice,
> > misconception or just sentiment-- love & affection. Can't
> > it cause an acquired habit to overeat and expose more
> > insulin to target cells and mediating diabetes2?
>
> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a psychiatrist!
> =A0What she's doing is a well known, serious problem.
>
> --
> Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

Yes, but how it can be relevant to getting diabetes2
afterwords?

[Marshall P]

Kumar wrote:
> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her 2-year-old
> boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding to kids can be
> common in most mothers as a practice, misconception or just
> sentiment-- love & affection. Can't it cause an acquired
> habit to overeat and expose more insulin to target cells and
> mediating diabetes2?

I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a psychiatrist!
What she's doing is a well known, serious problem.

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Nico Kadel]

Marshall Price wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
>> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her 2-year-old
>> boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding to kids can be
>> common in most mothers as a practice, misconception or just
>> sentiment-- love & affection. Can't it cause an acquired
>> habit to overeat and expose more insulin to target cells
>> and mediating diabetes2?
>
> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a psychiatrist!
> What she's doing is a well known, serious problem.
>

And it's irrelevant to Type 1 diabetes, and the causality of
Type 2 and obesity is often reversed: the Type 2 and high
insulin levels trigger hunger, and weight gain, exacerbating
the diabetes. So force feeding infants is something to worry
about for plenty of other reasons, I'd consider the risk of
diabetes to be one of the least critical concerns.

[Marshall P]

Kumar wrote:
> On Mar 21, 11:04 am, Marshall Price
> <d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> Kumar wrote:
>>> On Mar 15, 2:31 pm, "Anja Lange" <anja.lae...@gmx.de>
>>> wrote:
>>>> Kumar wrote:
>>>>> Following article is very important if valid. I tried to
>>>>> check it from other reputed people in diabetes, who
>>>>> don't deny or agree on this possibilty.
>>>> If you understand german I recommend the following link
>>>> to read some facts and practical advice on that subject:-
>>>> http://www.chrostek.de/index.php/Curriculum/up%20und%20d-
>>>> own%20Regulation The concept is used in insulin pump
>>>> therapy but the mechanism applies to all. Anja
>>> Thanks but sorry I don't understand german. Can you or
>>> other brief it in english or provide an english link.
>> It's mainly about glucose transporters (GLUT).

> Sorry but GLUT4 are insulin-regulated glucose transporter.

Righty-o.

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Marshall P]

Kumar wrote:
> On Mar 23, 6:38 pm, Marshall Price
> <d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> Kumar wrote:
>>> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her
>>> 2-year-old boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding to
>>> kids can be common in most mothers as a practice,
>>> misconception or just sentiment-- love & affection. Can't
>>> it cause an acquired habit to overeat and expose more
>>> insulin to target cells and mediating diabetes2?
>> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a psychiatrist!
>> What she's doing is a well known, serious problem.
>
> Yes, but how it can be relevant to getting diabetes2
> afterwards?

There are at least three varieties of type 2 diabetes mellitus
(DM2), which is usually characterized by defective insulin
secretion plus resistance to the action of insulin. One
variety is "maturity-onset diabetes of the young" (MODY). (And
there are six subtypes of MODY.)

Though I've got a book on diabetes and half a dozen with
extended discussions of it, it never particularly interested
me, but I do know it's both *complicated* and incompletely
understood -- and I have no idea why you're concerned about
it, or how I can help.

However, common sense tells me (a) that force-feeding anybody
(including geese) is unhealthy and cruel, and (b) that you
cannot draw upon fat reserves in your body when they're
"locked down" by insulin, which is an unhealthy condition to
be in, except briefly and immediately after a meal.

If you only put fat into your tissues and never take it out
(all anabolism and no catabolism: remember, "metabolism"
means both!), and you force your glucose transporters to
react to insulin all the time, and beyond their capacity,
you're asking for trouble, such as fewer and less responsive
glucose transporters, which causes insulin resistance, which
means trouble.

But every book on childrearing contains advice on feeding
infants, and if your daughter really cared about her child,
she'd pick one up and read it. And if she doesn't, why
don't you?

I'm reminded of the difference between returning opossums and
raccoons to the wild. Opossums are very stupid and live by
instinct. As soon as they're weaned, you can just let them go.
But raccoons are very intelligent and require a lot of
education from their parents. If they're brought up in
captivity, they can never be released; there's just too much
they don't know, and nobody to teach them.

Well, humans need the most education of all. It's the way
we've evolved, learning from each other. Our instincts are
gone, but our minds are active, curious, and absorbent; and
we've gotten used to it, so we're stuck with it. We must
either learn or be ignorant -- and if we choose to be
ignorant, we will surely suffer.

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Marshall P]

Nico Kadel-Garcia wrote:
> Marshall Price wrote:
>> Kumar wrote:
>>> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her
>>> 2-year-old boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding to
>>> kids can be common in most mothers as a practice,
>>> misconception or just sentiment-- love & affection. Can't
>>> it cause an acquired habit to overeat and expose more
>>> insulin to target cells and mediating diabetes2?
>> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a psychiatrist!
>> What she's doing is a well known, serious problem.
>>
>
> And it's irrelevant to Type 1 diabetes, and the causality of
> Type 2 and obesity is often reversed: the Type 2 and high
> insulin levels trigger hunger, and weight gain, exacerbating
> the diabetes. So force feeding infants is something to worry
> about for plenty of other reasons, I'd consider the risk of
> diabetes to be one of the least critical concerns.

Here's a good, brief page of advice for Kumar, assuming the
baby's on solid food.

http://www.aap.org/publiced/BR_NutritionABC.htm

It's from the American Academy of Pediatrics. I hope the text
is legible:

----------

American Academy of Pediatrics

Nutrition

How do I know if my child is eating enough?

Children eat when they are hungry and usually stop when they
are full. Some parents worry because young children appear
to eat very small amounts of food, especially when compared
to adult portions. A child who is growing well is getting
enough to eat.

To check your child's eating pattern, pay attention to his or
her food choices.

* Make sure no one food group is completely left out. If
this happens for a few days, don't worry. But prolonged
neglect of a food group could keep your child from
getting enough nutrients. * Encourage your child to be
adventurous and eat a variety of foods within the food
groups, too. Even within a food group, different foods
provide different nutrients.

Child-size servings

For youngsters, adult-size servings can be overwhelming.
Offering child-size servings encourages food acceptance.

Here's an easy guide to child-size servings:

* Serve one-fourth to one-third of the adult portion
size, or one measuring tablespoon for each year of the
young child's age. * Give less than you think the child
will eat. Let the child ask for more if he or she is
still hungry.

Snacks count

Snacks make up an important part of childhood nutrition.
Children must eat frequently. With their small stomachs, they
cannot eat enough at meals alone for their high energy needs.
Three meals and two or three healthful snacks a day help
youngsters meet their daily nutrition needs.

To make the most of snacks, parents and caregivers should
control the type of snack and time it is served.

* Type. Offer a variety of food-group snacks. Choose
mostly snack foods that supply enough nutrients to
justify their energy, or calories. * Timing. Plan
snacks. Schedule snacks around normal daily events, and
space them at least two hours before meals. Children
should learn to get and feel hungry, instead of feeling
full all the time.

Foods to choose

* From the Bread, Cereal, Rice and Pasta Group: a
whole-grain bread, crackers, cereal, grits, pasta, rice,
bagel, tortilla, cornbread, pita bread, muffin, English
muffin, matzo crackers, rice cake, pancakes, breadsticks,
pretzels * From the Vegetable Group: asparagus, beets,
bok choy, broccoli, carrot, cauliflower, collard greens,
corn, cucumber, green and red peppers, green beans,
jicama, kale, okra, peas, potato, pumpkin, snow peas,
squash, spinach, sweet potato, tomato, vegetable juices,
zucchini * From the Fruit Group: apple, applesauce,
apricot, banana, berries, cantaloupe, fruit cocktail,
figs, fruit juices, grapefruit, kiwifruit, mango,
nectarine, orange, papaya, peach, pear, plum, pineapple,
raisins, prunes, starfruit, strawberries, tangerine,
watermelon * From the Milk, Yogurt and Cheese Group:
skim, 1%, 2% and whole* milk, yogurt, cheese, string
cheese, cottage cheese, pudding, custard, frozen yogurt,
ice milk, calcium-fortified soybean milk * From the Meat,
Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs and Nuts** Group: lean
cuts of beef, veal, pork, ham and lamb; skinless chicken
and turkey; fish; shellfish; cooked beans (kidney beans,
black-eyed peas, pinto beans, lentils, black beans);
refried beans (made without lard); peanut butter; eggs;
reduced-fat deli meats; tofu; nuts**; peanuts**

*Children under two years of age should only drink whole milk.

**Nuts, peanuts and seeds are not recommended for children
under four years of age because they are a choking hazard.
Small pieces of hard, uncooked fruits and vegetables also pose
a choking hazard to children under age four.

----------

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Kumar]

On Mar 23, 10:04=A0pm, Marshall Price
<d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Nico Kadel-Garcia wrote:
> > Marshall Price wrote:
> >> Kumar wrote:
> >>> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her
> >>> 2-year-old boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding
> >>> to kids can be common in most mothers as a practice,
> >>> misconception or just sentiment-- love & affection.
> >>> Can't it cause an acquired habit to overeat and expose
> >>> more=

> >>> insulin to target cells and mediating diabetes2?
> >> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a
> >> psychiatrist! =A0What she'=
s
> >> doing is a well known, serious problem.
>
> > And it's irrelevant to Type 1 diabetes, and the causality
> > of Type 2 and obesity is often reversed: the Type 2 and
> > high insulin levels trigger hu=
nger,
> > and weight gain, exacerbating the diabetes. So force
> > feeding infants is something to worry about for plenty of
> > other reasons, I'd consider the r=
isk of
> > diabetes to be one of the least critical concerns.
>
> Here's a good, brief page of advice for Kumar, assuming the
> baby's on solid food.
>
> http://www.aap.org/publiced/BR_NutritionABC.htm
>
> It's from the American Academy of Pediatrics. =A0I hope the
> text is legibl=
e:
>
> ----------
>
> American Academy of Pediatrics
>
> Nutrition
>
> How do I know if my child is eating enough?
>
> Children eat when they are hungry and usually stop when they
> are full. Some parents worry because young children appear
> to eat very small amounts of food, especially when compared
> to adult portions. A child who is growing well is getting
> enough to eat.
>
> To check your child's eating pattern, pay attention to his
> or her food choices.
>
> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Make sure no one food group is
> completely left out. If this=

> happens for a few days, don't worry. But prolonged neglect
> of a food group could keep your child from getting enough
> nutrients. =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Encourage your child
> to be adventurous and eat a variety of=
foods
> within the food groups, too. Even within a food group,
> different foods provide different nutrients.
>
> Child-size servings
>
> For youngsters, adult-size servings can be overwhelming.
> Offering child-size servings encourages food acceptance.
>
> Here's an easy guide to child-size servings:
>
> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Serve one-fourth to one-third of
> the adult portion size, or=
one
> measuring tablespoon for each year of the young child's age.
> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Give less than you think the
> child will eat. Let the child =
ask
> for more if he or she is still hungry.
>
> Snacks count
>
> Snacks make up an important part of childhood nutrition.
> Children must eat frequently. With their small stomachs,
> they cannot eat enough at meals alone for their high energy
> needs. Three meals and two or three healthful snacks a day
> help youngsters meet their daily nutrition needs.
>
> To make the most of snacks, parents and caregivers should
> control the type of snack and time it is served.
>
> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Type. Offer a variety of
> food-group snacks. Choose mostly s=
nack
> foods that supply enough nutrients to justify their energy,
> or calories. =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Timing. Plan
> snacks. Schedule snacks around normal daily ev=
ents,
> and space them at least two hours before meals. Children
> should learn to get and feel hungry, instead of feeling full
> all the time.
>
> Foods to choose
>
> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0From the Bread, Cereal, Rice and
> Pasta Group: a whole-grain=

> bread, crackers, cereal, grits, pasta, rice, bagel,
> tortilla, cornbread, pita bread, muffin, English muffin,
> matzo crackers, rice cake, pancakes, breadsticks, pretzels
> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0From the Vegetable Group:
> asparagus, beets, bok choy, brocc=
oli,
> carrot, cauliflower, collard greens, corn, cucumber, green
> and red peppers, green beans, jicama, kale, okra, peas,
> potato, pumpkin, snow peas, squash, spinach, sweet potato,
> tomato, vegetable juices, zucchini =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0
> =A0From the Fruit Group: apple, applesauce, apricot, banana,
> berries, cantaloupe, fruit cocktail, figs, fruit juices,
> grapefruit, kiwifruit, mango, nectarine, orange, papaya,
> peach, pear, plum, pineapple, raisins, prunes, starfruit,
> strawberries, tangerine, watermelon=

> =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0From the Milk, Yogurt and Cheese
> Group: skim, 1%, 2% and wh=
ole*
> milk, yogurt, cheese, string cheese, cottage cheese,
> pudding, custard, frozen yogurt, ice milk, calcium-fortified
> soybean milk =A0 =A0 =A0* =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0From the Meat,
> Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs and Nuts** Gr=
oup:
> lean cuts of beef, veal, pork, ham and lamb; skinless
> chicken and turkey; fish; shellfish; cooked beans (kidney
> beans, black-eyed peas, pinto beans, lentils, black beans);
> refried beans (made without lard); peanut butter; eggs;
> reduced-fat deli meats; tofu; nuts**; peanuts**
>
> *Children under two years of age should only drink
> whole milk.
>
> **Nuts, peanuts and seeds are not recommended for children
> under four years of age because they are a choking hazard.
> Small pieces of hard, uncooked fruits and vegetables also
> pose a choking hazard to children under age four.
>
> ----------
>
> --
> Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c- Hide
> quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Good article, thanks I shall send it to my daughter.

However, I am bit concerned about common feeding habit by
mothers esp. in developing countries, can be a reason to
getting diabetes2 due to
1. Decreased insulin's occilations, decreased insulin's
degradations and increased insulin's exposure to target
cells resuting downregulation of insulin receptors?

[Marshall P]

Kumar wrote:
> On Mar 23, 10:04 pm, Marshall Price
> <d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> Nico Kadel-Garcia wrote:
>>> Marshall Price wrote:
>>>> Kumar wrote:
>>>>> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her
>>>>> 2-year-old boy. Such aided/forced or excessive feeding
>>>>> to kids can be common in most mothers as a practice,
>>>>> misconception or just sentiment-- love & affection.
>>>>> Can't it cause an acquired habit to overeat and expose
>>>>> more insulin to target cells and mediating diabetes2?
>>>> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a
>>>> psychiatrist! What she's doing is a well known, serious
>>>> problem.
>>> And it's irrelevant to Type 1 diabetes, and the causality
>>> of Type 2 and obesity is often reversed: the Type 2 and
>>> high insulin levels trigger hunger, and weight gain,
>>> exacerbating the diabetes. So force feeding infants is
>>> something to worry about for plenty of other reasons, I'd
>>> consider the risk of diabetes to be one of the least
>>> critical concerns.
>> Here's a good, brief page of advice for Kumar, assuming the
>> baby's on solid food.
>>
>> http://www.aap.org/publiced/BR_NutritionABC.htm
>>
>
> Good article, thanks I shall send it to my daughter.
>
> However, I am bit concerned about common feeding habit by
> mothers esp. in developing countries, can be a reason to
> getting diabetes2 due to
> 1. Decreased insulin's occilations, decreased insulin's
> degradations and increased insulin's exposure to target
> cells resuting downregulation of insulin receptors?

I suspect you're right. In addition to beta-cell problems
leading to decreased insulin production, there are others
which produce rare forms of insulin, the "insulinopathies."
Then, there are problems with insulin's effectiveness not only
throughout the body, but especially in the pancreas and liver.
Insulin not only stimulates insulin receptors to take glucose
into cells (the glucose transporters) and inhibit fatty acid
release and gluconeogenesis, etc., but it also affects them in
other ways, by causing them to shut down, to change, to stop
being produced, to proliferate, and so on. If you want to look
into it, I'm sure you'll find plenty to investigate!

--
Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c

[Kumar]

On Mar 25, 1:53=A0am, Marshall Price
<d0213...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
> > On Mar 23, 10:04 pm, Marshall Price <d0213...@yahoo.com>
> > wrote:
> >> Nico Kadel-Garcia wrote:
> >>> Marshall Price wrote:
> >>>> Kumar wrote:
> >>>>> Today, I looked at my daughter force-feeding her
> >>>>> 2-year-old boy. Suc=
h
> >>>>> aided/forced or excessive feeding to kids can be
> >>>>> common in most mothers as a practice, misconception or
> >>>>> just sentiment-- love & affection. Can't it cause an
> >>>>> acquired habit to overeat and expose mo=
re
> >>>>> insulin to target cells and mediating diabetes2?
> >>>> I'd say she needs help -- either a book or a
> >>>> psychiatrist! =A0What sh=
e's
> >>>> doing is a well known, serious problem.
> >>> And it's irrelevant to Type 1 diabetes, and the
> >>> causality of Type 2 an=
d
> >>> obesity is often reversed: the Type 2 and high insulin
> >>> levels trigger =
hunger,
> >>> and weight gain, exacerbating the diabetes. So force
> >>> feeding infants i=
s
> >>> something to worry about for plenty of other reasons,
> >>> I'd consider the=
risk of
> >>> diabetes to be one of the least critical concerns.
> >> Here's a good, brief page of advice for Kumar, assuming
> >> the baby's on solid food.
>
> >>http://www.aap.org/publiced/BR_NutritionABC.htm
>
> > Good article, thanks I shall send it to my daughter.
>
> > However, I am bit concerned about common feeding habit by
> > mothers esp. in developing countries, can be a reason to
> > getting diabetes2 due to
> > 1. Decreased insulin's occilations, decreased insulin's
> > degradations and increased insulin's exposure to target
> > cells resuting downregulation of insulin receptors?
>
> I suspect you're right. =A0In addition to beta-cell problems
> leading to decreased insulin production, there are others
> which produce rare forms of insulin, the "insulinopathies."
> =A0Then, there are problems with insulin's effectiveness not
> only throughout the body, but especially in the pancreas and
> liver. =A0Insulin not only stimulates insulin receptors to
> take glucose into cells (the glucose transporters) and
> inhibit fatty acid release and gluconeogenesis, etc., but it
> also affects them in other ways, by causing them to shut
> down, to change, to stop being produced, to proliferate, and
> so on. =A0If you want to look into it, I'm sure you'll find
> plenty to investigate!
>
> --
> Marshall Price of Miami Known to Yahoo as d021317c- Hide
> quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

I checked up;

Insulin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

Insulin degradation
http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/19/5/608#F1

Insulin Oscillations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_release_oscillations

Downregulation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation

These suggest me that abnormalities in insulin's exposure,
normal degradation & oscillation can cause increased exposure
to target cells resulting downregulation so decreased
senstivity.