Potent Mind-altering Antioxidant

[Ironjustic]

Cannabis may limit damage from strokes and Alzheimer's
Independent, The (London), Jul 6, 1998 by Steve Connor Science
Editor CANNABIS COULD protect brain cells against the effects
of a stroke and may help to slow the mental deterioration
associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's diseases.

Scientists have found that a component of marijuana acts as a
powerful antioxidant in the brain which can prevent cells
being damaged when a blood vessel in the head becomes blocked
during a stroke.

Experiments revealed that cannabidiol, which is a harmless
constituent of marijuana and does not produce a "high", is a
more powerful antioxidant than vitamins C and D, which are
known to neutralise the highly damaging free radicals released
during a stroke. Dr Aidan Hampson, a British-born researcher
at the United States National Institute of Mental Health, near
Washington DC, said the discovery could eventually lead to a
treatment for stroke based on the cannabis plant.

"We have reason to believe we are on to a good thing here.
Cannabidiol was given to humans in large doses in other
clinical trials with no significant adverse effects," Dr
Hampson said. "We could synthesise it and administer it to
patients as a pill, in an inhaler or even as a suppository,
although that would not be as popular. It is non-
psychoactive which makes it particularly useful."

The research, which is published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Science, also found that the mind-altering
ingredient of cannabis - tetrahyrocannabinol (THC) - also
behaved as a potent antioxidant which protected brain cells
against the sort of oxygen starvation caused by a stroke.

The US National Academy of Sciences, which publishes the
proceedings, said: "These findings suggest that cannabidiol
may be a promising treatment for stroke and other neurological
disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases,
(which are) also thought to involve oxidative damage."

Dr Hampson said that when a blood vessel in the brain becomes
blocked a complex set of reactions takes place that culminates
in the power houses of the cell, called mitochondria, pumping
out free radicals.

When he exposed the nerve cells of laboratory animals to
cannabidiol he found it significantly reduced the damage
resulting from the release of free radicals. The dose levels
were similar to those known to be safe in humans.

"These are the very first results and I would be surprised if
we get through all the stages of drug trials for humans in
less than five or six years," Dr Hampson said.

However, the research findings do not explain whether people
who smoke cannabis are less likely to suffer ill effects
following a stroke. "We don't know whether smoking produces
these levels of cannabidiol," he said.

Copyright 1998 Newspaper Publishing PLC Provided by ProQuest
Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved.

Who loves ya. Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[Ironjustic]

On Mar 11, 10:45=A0am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com>
wrote:cannabidiol <<

Published online on August 1, 2000, 10.1073/pnas.160105897
PNAS | August 15, 2000 | vol. 97 | no. 17 | 9561-9566
Immunology The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent
cannabidiol is an oral anti- arthritic therapeutic in murine
collagen-induced arthritis
A. M. Malfait*,, R. Gallily,, P. F. Sumariwalla*, A. S.
Malik*, E. Andreakos*, R. Mechoulam, and M. Feldmann*,=A7
* Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 1 Aspenlea Road,
Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom; and Hebrew
University, Hadassah Medical School, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem
91120, Israel

Edited by Anthony Cerami, The Kenneth S. Warren Laboratories,
Tarrytown, NY, and approved June 2, 2000 (received for review
March 10, 2000) Abstract The therapeutic potential of
cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive component of
cannabis, was explored in murine collagen- induced arthritis
(CIA). CIA was elicited by immunizing DBA/1 mice with type II
collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The CII used was
either bovine or murine, resulting in classical acute CIA or
in chronic relapsing CIA, respectively. CBD was administered
after onset of clinical symptoms, and in both models of
arthritis the treatment effectively blocked progression of
arthritis. CBD was equally effective when administered i.p. or
orally. The dose dependency showed a bell-shaped curve, with
an optimal effect at 5 mg/kg per day i.p. or 25 mg/kg per day
orally. Clinical improvement was associated with protection of
the joints against severe damage. Ex vivo, draining lymph node
cells from CBD-treated mice showed a diminished CII-specific
proliferation and IFN- production, as well as a decreased
release of tumor necrosis factor by knee synovial cells. In
vitro effects of CBD included a dose-dependent suppression of
lymphocyte proliferation, both mitogen-stimulated and antigen-
specific, and the blockade of the Zymosan-triggered reactive
oxygen burst by peritoneal granulocytes. It also was found
that CBD administration was capable of blocking the
lipopolysaccharide-induced rise in serum tumor necrosis factor
in C57/ BL mice. Taken together, these data show that CBD,
through its combined immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory
actions, has a potent anti- arthritic effect in CIA.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major components of Cannabis
sativa, marijuana (1). Marijuana contains approximately 80
constituents, termed cannabinoids (2, 3). CBD is not
psychoactive, unlike the other major component of cannabis,
9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9THC) (4, 5). A vast literature
documents the immune modulating effects of cannabinoids, in
vivo and in vitro, mainly of 9THC and synthetic analogues such
as CP55,940 (reviewed in ref. 6). A nonexhaustive list of in
vitro effects includes inhibition of the proliferative
responses of T lymphocytes (7), inhibition of cytotoxic T cell
activity (8), suppression of macrophage function and antigen
presentation (9, 10), and inhibition of NO production by
macrophages
(11).Reports on the in vitro effects of CBD on immune cells
are scarce and include the modulation of tumor necrosis
factor (TNF), IL-1, and IFN- by human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (12, 13) and the suppression of
chemokine production by a human B cell line (14). These
potentially anti-inflammatory properties of CBD, together
with the lack of psychotropic effect and low toxicity
(15), prompted us to test the potential of CBD as a
therapeutic agent in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

CIA, a murine model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is elicited
by immunizing DBA/1 mice with type II collagen (CII) in
complete Freund's adjuvant (16). The immune response to CII
involves both humoral and cellular mechanisms (17, 18), and
the cellular response is T helper 1-mediated
(12). CIA is characterized by rapid onset of clinical joint
inflammation, resulting in destruction of joint tissues
and cartilage/ bone erosions. Suppression of the
inflammatory process by blocking TNF with mAbs has
proven an effective treatment of CIA (20, 21), and these
findings led to the successful use of TNF blockade in
multiple phase I, II, and III clinical trials with RA
patients (reviewed in ref. 22), thus validating the
predictive value of CIA as a model for RA. In the
present study, we report that CBD has a beneficial
therapeutic action on established CIA, and we explore
its mode of action.

Who loves ya. Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> Cannabis may limit damage from strokes and Alzheimer's
> Independent, The (London), =A0Jul 6, 1998 =A0by Steve Connor
> Science Editor CANNABIS COULD protect brain cells against
> the effects of a stroke and may help to slow the mental
> deterioration associated with neurological disorders such as
> Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
>
> Scientists have found that a component of marijuana acts as
> a powerful antioxidant in the brain which can prevent cells
> being damaged when a blood vessel in the head becomes
> blocked during a stroke.
>
> Experiments revealed that cannabidiol, which is a harmless
> constituent of marijuana and does not produce a "high", is a
> more powerful antioxidant than vitamins C and D, which are
> known to neutralise the highly damaging free radicals
> released during a stroke. Dr Aidan Hampson, a British-born
> researcher at the United States National Institute of Mental
> Health, near Washington DC, said the discovery could
> eventually lead to a treatment for stroke based on the
> cannabis plant.
>
> "We have reason to believe we are on to a good thing here.
> Cannabidiol was given to humans in large doses in other
> clinical trials with no significant adverse effects," Dr
> Hampson said. "We could synthesise it and administer it to
> patients as a pill, in an inhaler or even as a suppository,
> although that would not be as popular. It is non-
> psychoactive which makes it particularly useful."
>
> The research, which is published in the Proceedings of the
> National Academy of Science, also found that the
> mind-altering ingredient of cannabis - tetrahyrocannabinol
> (THC) - also behaved as a potent antioxidant which protected
> brain cells against the sort of oxygen starvation caused by
> a stroke.
>
> The US National Academy of Sciences, which publishes the
> proceedings, said: "These findings suggest that cannabidiol
> may be a promising treatment for stroke and other
> neurological disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
> diseases, (which are) also thought to involve oxidative
> damage."
>
> Dr Hampson said that when a blood vessel in the brain
> becomes blocked a complex set of reactions takes place that
> culminates in the power houses of the cell, called
> mitochondria, pumping out free radicals.
>
> When he exposed the nerve cells of laboratory animals to
> cannabidiol he found it significantly reduced the damage
> resulting from the release of free radicals. The dose levels
> were similar to those known to be safe in humans.
>
> "These are the very first results and I would be surprised
> if we get through all the stages of drug trials for humans
> in less than five or six years," Dr Hampson said.
>
> However, the research findings do not explain whether people
> who smoke cannabis are less likely to suffer ill effects
> following a stroke. "We don't know whether smoking produces
> these levels of cannabidiol," he said.
>
> Copyright 1998 Newspaper Publishing PLC Provided by ProQuest
> Information and Learning Company. All rights Reserved.
>
> Who loves ya. Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[Ironjustic]

On Mar 11, 11:16=A0am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com>
wrote:cannabidiol has a beneficial therapeutic action on
established CIA, and we explore its mode of action <<

I assume everyone can speak .. German .. ?

Article Interaction of Trivalent Iron with Some Cannabinoids
and their related compounds
Dr. Z. Mobarak 1 *, Dr. H. Aly 2, Dr. D. Bieniek 3 1The
National Center of Social and Criminological Research,
Awkaf City, Gezira P.O., Cairo, A.R. Egypt 2Atomic Energy
Establishment, Cairo, A.R. Egypt 3Institute for Ecological
Chemistry, 8042 Neuherberg/FRG

*Correspondence to Z. Mobarak, The National Center of Social
and Criminological Research, Awkaf City, Gezira P.O., Cairo,
A.R. Egypt

Abstract

Translated Abstract Wechselwirkung zwischen Eisen(III)-Ionen
und einigen Cannabinoiden und verwandten Verbindungen Die
Reaktion zwischen Orcinol, Olivetol oder Cannabidiol und
dreiwertigem Eisen wurde spektroskopisch untersucht. Zwischen
Eisen(III)-Ionen und Orcinol bzw. Olivetol bilden sich in
Methanol 1:3 Komplexe (Dissoziationskonstanten 1,5 =D7 10-5
bzw. 2,5 =D7 10-7). Keine Wechselwirkung konnte unter
analogen Bedingungen zwischen Fe3+-ionen und Cannabidiol
beobachtet werden.

--------------------------------------------------------------
---------------=
----
Received: 7 March 1979 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1002/prac.19803220303 About DOI

Who loves ya. Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

> On Mar 11, 10:45=A0am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com>
> wrote:cannabidiol <<
>
> Published online on August 1, 2000, 10.1073/pnas.160105897
> PNAS | August 15, 2000 | vol. 97 | no. 17 | 9561-9566
> Immunology The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent
> cannabidiol is an oral anti- arthritic therapeutic in murine
> collagen-induced arthritis
> A. M. Malfait*,, R. Gallily,, P. F. Sumariwalla*, A. S.
> Malik*, E. Andreakos*, R. Mechoulam, and M. Feldmann*,=A7
> * Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 1 Aspenlea Road,
> Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom; and =A0Hebrew
> University, Hadassah Medical School, P.O.B. 12272,
> Jerusalem 91120, Israel
>
> Edited by Anthony Cerami, The Kenneth S. Warren
> Laboratories, Tarrytown, NY, and approved June 2, 2000
> (received for review March 10, 2000) Abstract The
> therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), the major
> nonpsychoactive component of cannabis, was explored in
> murine collagen- induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was elicited
> by immunizing DBA/1 mice with type II collagen (CII) in
> complete Freund's adjuvant. The CII used was either bovine
> or murine, resulting in classical acute CIA or in chronic
> relapsing CIA, respectively. CBD was administered after
> onset of clinical symptoms, and in both models of arthritis
> the treatment effectively blocked progression of arthritis.
> CBD was equally effective when administered i.p. or orally.
> The dose dependency showed a bell-shaped curve, with an
> optimal effect at 5 mg/kg per day i.p. or 25 mg/kg per day
> orally. Clinical improvement was associated with protection
> of the joints against severe damage. Ex vivo, draining lymph
> node cells from CBD-treated mice showed a diminished
> CII-specific proliferation and IFN- production, as well as a
> decreased release of tumor necrosis factor by knee synovial
> cells. In vitro effects of CBD included a dose-dependent
> suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, both
> mitogen-stimulated and antigen- specific, and the blockade
> of the Zymosan-triggered reactive oxygen burst by peritoneal
> granulocytes. It also was found that CBD administration was
> capable of blocking the lipopolysaccharide-induced rise in
> serum tumor necrosis factor in C57/ BL mice. Taken together,
> these data show that CBD, through its combined
> immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, has a
> potent anti- arthritic effect in CIA.
>
> Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major components of Cannabis
> sativa, marijuana (1). Marijuana contains approximately 80
> constituents, termed cannabinoids (2, 3). CBD is not
> psychoactive, unlike the other major component of cannabis,
> 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9THC) (4, 5). A vast literature
> documents the immune modulating effects of cannabinoids, in
> vivo and in vitro, mainly of 9THC and synthetic analogues
> such as CP55,940 (reviewed in ref. 6). A nonexhaustive list
> of in vitro effects includes inhibition of the proliferative
> responses of T lymphocytes (7), inhibition of cytotoxic T
> cell activity (8), suppression of macrophage function and
> antigen presentation (9, 10), and inhibition of NO
> production by macrophages
> (11).Reports on the in vitro effects of CBD on immune cells
> are scarce and include the modulation of tumor necrosis
> factor (TNF), IL-1, and IFN- by human peripheral blood
> mononuclear cells (12, 13) and the suppression of
> chemokine production by a human B cell line (14). These
> potentially anti-inflammatory properties of CBD,
> together with the lack of psychotropic effect and low
> toxicity (15), prompted us to test the potential of CBD
> as a therapeutic agent in collagen-induced arthritis
> (CIA).
>
> CIA, a murine model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is
> elicited by immunizing DBA/1 mice with type II collagen
> (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant (16). The immune
> response to CII involves both humoral and cellular
> mechanisms (17, 18), and the cellular response is T helper
> 1-mediated
> (19). CIA is characterized by rapid onset of clinical joint
> inflammation, resulting in destruction of joint
> tissues and cartilage/ bone erosions. Suppression of
> the inflammatory process by blocking TNF with mAbs has
> proven an effective treatment of CIA (20, 21), and
> these findings led to the successful use of TNF
> blockade in multiple phase I, II, and III clinical
> trials with RA patients (reviewed in ref. 22), thus
> validating the predictive value of CIA as a model for
> RA. In the present study, we report that CBD has a
> beneficial therapeutic action on established CIA, and
> we explore its mode of action.
>
> Who loves ya. Tom
>
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > Cannabis may limit damage from strokes and Alzheimer's
> > Independent, The (London), =A0Jul 6, 1998 =A0by Steve
> > Connor Science Editor CANNABIS COULD protect brain cells
> > against the effects of a stroke and may help to slow the
> > mental deterioration associated with neurological
> > disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
>
> > Scientists have found that a component of marijuana acts
> > as a powerful antioxidant in the brain which can prevent
> > cells being damaged when a blood vessel in the head
> > becomes blocked during a stroke.
>
> > Experiments revealed that cannabidiol, which is a harmless
> > constituent of marijuana and does not produce a "high", is
> > a more powerful antioxidant than vitamins C and D, which
> > are known to neutralise the highly damaging free radicals
> > released during a stroke. Dr Aidan Hampson, a British-born
> > researcher at the United States National Institute of
> > Mental Health, near Washington DC, said the discovery
> > could eventually lead to a treatment for stroke based on
> > the cannabis plant.
>
> > "We have reason to believe we are on to a good thing
> > here. Cannabidiol was given to humans in large doses in
> > other clinical trials with no significant adverse
> > effects," Dr Hampson said. "We could synthesise it and
> > administer it to patients as a pill, in an inhaler or
> > even as a suppository, although that would not be as
> > popular. It is non-
> > psychoactive which makes it particularly useful."
>
> > The research, which is published in the Proceedings of the
> > National Academy of Science, also found that the
> > mind-altering ingredient of cannabis - tetrahyrocannabinol
> > (THC) - also behaved as a potent antioxidant which
> > protected brain cells against the sort of oxygen
> > starvation caused by a stroke.
>
> > The US National Academy of Sciences, which publishes the
> > proceedings, said: "These findings suggest that
> > cannabidiol may be a promising treatment for stroke and
> > other neurological disorders including Parkinson's and
> > Alzheimer's diseases, (which are) also thought to involve
> > oxidative damage."
>
> > Dr Hampson said that when a blood vessel in the brain
> > becomes blocked a complex set of reactions takes place
> > that culminates in the power houses of the cell, called
> > mitochondria, pumping out free radicals.
>
> > When he exposed the nerve cells of laboratory animals to
> > cannabidiol he found it significantly reduced the damage
> > resulting from the release of free radicals. The dose
> > levels were similar to those known to be safe in humans.
>
> > "These are the very first results and I would be surprised
> > if we get through all the stages of drug trials for humans
> > in less than five or six years," Dr Hampson said.
>
> > However, the research findings do not explain whether
> > people who smoke cannabis are less likely to suffer ill
> > effects following a stroke. "We don't know whether smoking
> > produces these levels of cannabidiol," he said.
>
> > Copyright 1998 Newspaper Publishing PLC Provided by
> > ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights
> > Reserved.
>
> > Who loves ya. Tom
>
> > Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
>
> > Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk- Hide quoted
> > text -
>
> - Show quoted text -