Ironjustic
Sun, Jun-24-07, 17:15
Lecithin?
http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?doi=3D98702
Vol. 20, No. 3, 2007 -----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------=
-----
Original Paper
Endogenous Phospholipid Metabolite Containing Topical Product
Inhibits Ultraviolet Light-Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage
in Human Skin L=2E Kemenya, b, A. Korecka, c, K. Kisa, A.
Kenderessy-Szaboa, L. Bodaia, A. Cimpeand, V. Paunescuc, M.
Raicad, M. Ghyczya
aDepartment of Dermatology and Allergology, University of
Szeged and bDermatological Research Group of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; cDepartment of
Immunology and dDepartment of Histology, Victor Babes
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Address of Corresponding Author
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 2007;20:155-161 (DOI:
10.1159/000098702)
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Key Words
Erythema N-palmitoylethanolamine Organic osmolyte Thymine
dimer Ultraviolet light
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Abstract
Background: N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and organic
osmolytes are endogenous components of the human epidermis and
are generated from phospholipids in the stratum granulosum.
PEA has been shown to exert potent antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activities. The endogenous organic osmolytes
such as betaine and sarcosine control skin humidity, but have
also been shown to inhibit ultraviolet (UV) light-induced
oxidative stress in keratinocytes. Objectives: To investigate
the effect of a PEA- and organic osmolyte-containing topical
product (Physiogel AI=AE) on the development of UV
light-induced erythema, thymine dimer formation and p53 tumor
suppressor gene activation, as well as intercellular adhesion
molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Ki67 expression in normal human skin.
Methods: The UV-induced erythema was measured by a
spectrofluorometric method. Thymine dimers, p53, ICAM-1 and
Ki67 were detected in skin biopsies using
immunohistochemistry. Results: Physiogel AI cream
significantly inhibited the development of UV light- induced
erythema and thymine dimer formation in normal human skin, but
did not alter the number of Ki67+ proliferating keratinocytes
and the expression of p53 and ICAM-1. Conclusions: Our results
suggest that PEA and organic osmolytes might represent a new
generation of compounds which suppress UV-induced photodamage.
Copyright =A9 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Author Contacts
Lajos Kemeny, MD, DSc Department of Dermatology and
Allergology, University of Szeged PO Box 427 HU-6701 Szeged
(Hungary) Tel. +36 30 5152 884, Fax + 36 62 545 954, E-Mail
kl@mail.derma.szote.u-szeged.hu
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Article Information
Received: August 17, 2006 Accepted: November 21, 2006
Published online: January 17, 2007
=A9 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
----------------------
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/febsabstracts2004/abstract-
.asp?id=3D17679
FEBS Journal =A9 Federation of European Biochemical Societies
The distribution of the exogenous N-palmitoylethanolamine in
the mammalian tissues
Abstract number: P4.1-38
Artamonov M. V., Zhukov O. D., Gula N. M.
N-palmitoylethanolamine, one from N-acylethanolamines (NAE)
is cell minor lipid, which has high biological activity,
possess signaling properties and protective effect under
action of different toxic factors, ischemic and/or stress
state or other injuries. N- palmitoylethanolamine is
considered as autacoid and interest to this compound now
arises among pharmaceutical companies. However, the
distribution of the exogenous saturated N-acylethanolamines
in mammalian tissues is poorly studied.
Results: Radiolabeled N-palmitoylethanolamine was
administrated to rats per os. It was found that the label was
accumulated in hypothalamus, pituitary gland, aorta, liver,
thymus, brain stem, small intestine, epididymis, white matter,
adrenal glands, testes, kidneys, heart, cerebellum, lungs,
brain cortex, muscle and spleen (in descending order). In 20
min after administration about 90% of label in a majority of
tissues remain unchanged. In the cerebellum, muscles,
pituitary, and adrenal glands 20-30% of labeled
N-palmitoylethanolamine were metabolized. Few percents of the
label were determined in other lipid classes namely in
phospholipids (primarily in cardiolipin), triacylglycerols,
free fatty acids and cholesterol esters.
Conclusion: Capture of radiolabeled N-palmitoylethanolamine in
brain indicates its penetration through hematoencephalic
barrier that speculates possible role of NAE in the brain
functioning and stress response regulation by
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland system. The accumulation
of the label in the different lipid classes can be a result of
NAE metabolism by amidohydrolases that is confirmed by label
accumulation in free fatty acids.
European Journal of Biochemistry 2003; 1 Supplement 1 July:
abstract number
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Hautarzt. 2006 Sep;57(9):801-7. Links [Topical cannabinoid
agonists. An effective new possibility for treating chronic
pruritus] [Article in German]
St=E4nder S, Reinhardt HW, Luger TA. Abteilung f=FCr Klinische
Neurodermatologie, Klinik und Poliklinik f=FCr
Hautkrankheiten, Universit=E4tsklinikum M=FCnster,
Von-Esmarchstrasse 58, 48149 M=FCnster.
sonja.staender@uni-muenster.de
BACKGROUND: Chronic, therapy-resistant pruritus often fails to
respond to standard measures so new therapeutic approaches are
needed. Recently, the expression of cannabinoid receptors on
cutaneous sensory nerve fibers was described, so cannabinoid
agonists seem a rational therapeutic option for pruritus.
PATIENTS: In an open application observation 22 patients with
prurigo, lichen simplex and pruritus applied an emollient
cream containing N-palmitoyl ethanolamine (PEA). RESULTS: In
14/22 patients a good antipruritic effect could be documented.
The average reduction in itch was 86.4%. The therapy was
well-tolerated by all patients; neither burning burn nor
contact dermatitis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Topical
cannabinoid agonists represent an new effective and
well-tolerated therapy for refractory itching of various
origins. Creams with a higher concentration may be even more
effective with broader indications.
PMID: 16874533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Vet J. 2007 Jan;173(1):21-30. Epub 2005 Dec 1. Links Comment
in: Vet J. 2007 Jan;173(1):14-5. Palmitoylethanolamide,
endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in
protection against tissue inflammation and pain: potential use
in companion animals.Re G, Barbero R, Miolo A, Di Marzo V=2E
Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44,
I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy. giovanni.re@unito.it
Endocannabinoids have analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties.
The biology of endocannabinoids, their receptors, signalling
mechanisms and role in the regulation of physiological
processes have been extensively reviewed. This review focuses
on the role of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous
fatty acid amide analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide,
in tissue protective mechanisms. PEA was first identified
almost five decades ago in lipid extracts of various natural
products, and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive
effects were established later. Evidence exists that PEA is
synthesised during inflammation and tissue damage and a number
of beneficial effects, including the relief of inflammation
and pruritus, have been shown to be useful in the control of
neurogenic and neuropathic pain. The postulated hypotheses as
to the mode of action of PEA include a possible local
autacoid-like mediator activity regulating mast-cell activity
and putative activation of cannabinoids and vanilloid TRPV1
receptors via "entourage" effects. The large number of
scientific investigations into the effects of PEA and PEA-
related compounds has given rise to new therapeutic
opportunities. In spite of the multitude of therapies
currently employed to control inflammation, pain, pruritus and
tissue damage, the possibility of using a natural compound,
such as PEA to manipulate endogenous protective mechanisms may
be considered a beneficial novel therapeutic strategy in
veterinary medicine.
PMID: 16324856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Jul;48(1):69-76. Links Therapeutic
effect of topical gamma-linolenic acid on refractory uremic
pruritus.Chen YC, Chiu WT, Wu MS. Division of Nephrology,
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
BACKGROUND: Pruritus is a bothersome symptom affecting up to
80% of dialysis patients. Lymphocyte and cytokine interaction
has an important role in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus.
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is associated with immune
modulation of T lymphocytes and lymphokines. The aim of this
study is to determine whether topical GLA can attenuate uremic
pruritus. METHODS: Seventeen dialysis patients with refractory
uremic pruritus who passed the screening criteria entered a
prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled,
crossover study. They stopped all antipruritic therapy at
least 2 weeks before the study and were randomly assigned to
treatment with either GLA 2.2% cream or placebo-based cream
applied to the entire body after taking a bath once a day and
to pruritic sites 3 times a day for 2 weeks, and then the
reverse treatment after a 2-week washout period. Severity of
pruritus was evaluated by using a traditional visual analogue
scale (VAS) and a modified questionnaire method (pruritus
score [PS]). Hemogram, aspartate and alanine
aminotransferases, bilirubin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen,
creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone
were measured. RESULTS: Sixteen patients completed the study;
1 patient was withdrawn because of an allergic skin reaction.
There were no significant differences between groups except
for sex distribution. Median VAS and PS values between groups
did not differ significantly at baseline. There is a greater
antipruritic effect of GLA based on evaluation with both the
VAS and PS. There is persistence of a residual effect into the
second treatment period after GLA treatment. CONCLUSION:
GLA-rich cream is better than placebo-based cream for
alleviating uremic pruritus. It is a useful adjuvant in the
management of refractory uremic pruritus.
PMID: 16797388 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
----
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1325747.html
11] gamma -linolenic acid can possibly be replaced by
equivalent amounts of the phospholipid fraction of the
soy-bean lecithin that is phosphatidylserine,
phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
Who loves ya. Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?doi=3D98702
Vol. 20, No. 3, 2007 -----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------=
-----
Original Paper
Endogenous Phospholipid Metabolite Containing Topical Product
Inhibits Ultraviolet Light-Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage
in Human Skin L=2E Kemenya, b, A. Korecka, c, K. Kisa, A.
Kenderessy-Szaboa, L. Bodaia, A. Cimpeand, V. Paunescuc, M.
Raicad, M. Ghyczya
aDepartment of Dermatology and Allergology, University of
Szeged and bDermatological Research Group of the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; cDepartment of
Immunology and dDepartment of Histology, Victor Babes
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Address of Corresponding Author
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 2007;20:155-161 (DOI:
10.1159/000098702)
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Key Words
Erythema N-palmitoylethanolamine Organic osmolyte Thymine
dimer Ultraviolet light
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Abstract
Background: N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and organic
osmolytes are endogenous components of the human epidermis and
are generated from phospholipids in the stratum granulosum.
PEA has been shown to exert potent antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activities. The endogenous organic osmolytes
such as betaine and sarcosine control skin humidity, but have
also been shown to inhibit ultraviolet (UV) light-induced
oxidative stress in keratinocytes. Objectives: To investigate
the effect of a PEA- and organic osmolyte-containing topical
product (Physiogel AI=AE) on the development of UV
light-induced erythema, thymine dimer formation and p53 tumor
suppressor gene activation, as well as intercellular adhesion
molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Ki67 expression in normal human skin.
Methods: The UV-induced erythema was measured by a
spectrofluorometric method. Thymine dimers, p53, ICAM-1 and
Ki67 were detected in skin biopsies using
immunohistochemistry. Results: Physiogel AI cream
significantly inhibited the development of UV light- induced
erythema and thymine dimer formation in normal human skin, but
did not alter the number of Ki67+ proliferating keratinocytes
and the expression of p53 and ICAM-1. Conclusions: Our results
suggest that PEA and organic osmolytes might represent a new
generation of compounds which suppress UV-induced photodamage.
Copyright =A9 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Author Contacts
Lajos Kemeny, MD, DSc Department of Dermatology and
Allergology, University of Szeged PO Box 427 HU-6701 Szeged
(Hungary) Tel. +36 30 5152 884, Fax + 36 62 545 954, E-Mail
kl@mail.derma.szote.u-szeged.hu
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Article Information
Received: August 17, 2006 Accepted: November 21, 2006
Published online: January 17, 2007
=A9 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
----------------------
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/febsabstracts2004/abstract-
.asp?id=3D17679
FEBS Journal =A9 Federation of European Biochemical Societies
The distribution of the exogenous N-palmitoylethanolamine in
the mammalian tissues
Abstract number: P4.1-38
Artamonov M. V., Zhukov O. D., Gula N. M.
N-palmitoylethanolamine, one from N-acylethanolamines (NAE)
is cell minor lipid, which has high biological activity,
possess signaling properties and protective effect under
action of different toxic factors, ischemic and/or stress
state or other injuries. N- palmitoylethanolamine is
considered as autacoid and interest to this compound now
arises among pharmaceutical companies. However, the
distribution of the exogenous saturated N-acylethanolamines
in mammalian tissues is poorly studied.
Results: Radiolabeled N-palmitoylethanolamine was
administrated to rats per os. It was found that the label was
accumulated in hypothalamus, pituitary gland, aorta, liver,
thymus, brain stem, small intestine, epididymis, white matter,
adrenal glands, testes, kidneys, heart, cerebellum, lungs,
brain cortex, muscle and spleen (in descending order). In 20
min after administration about 90% of label in a majority of
tissues remain unchanged. In the cerebellum, muscles,
pituitary, and adrenal glands 20-30% of labeled
N-palmitoylethanolamine were metabolized. Few percents of the
label were determined in other lipid classes namely in
phospholipids (primarily in cardiolipin), triacylglycerols,
free fatty acids and cholesterol esters.
Conclusion: Capture of radiolabeled N-palmitoylethanolamine in
brain indicates its penetration through hematoencephalic
barrier that speculates possible role of NAE in the brain
functioning and stress response regulation by
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland system. The accumulation
of the label in the different lipid classes can be a result of
NAE metabolism by amidohydrolases that is confirmed by label
accumulation in free fatty acids.
European Journal of Biochemistry 2003; 1 Supplement 1 July:
abstract number
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Hautarzt. 2006 Sep;57(9):801-7. Links [Topical cannabinoid
agonists. An effective new possibility for treating chronic
pruritus] [Article in German]
St=E4nder S, Reinhardt HW, Luger TA. Abteilung f=FCr Klinische
Neurodermatologie, Klinik und Poliklinik f=FCr
Hautkrankheiten, Universit=E4tsklinikum M=FCnster,
Von-Esmarchstrasse 58, 48149 M=FCnster.
sonja.staender@uni-muenster.de
BACKGROUND: Chronic, therapy-resistant pruritus often fails to
respond to standard measures so new therapeutic approaches are
needed. Recently, the expression of cannabinoid receptors on
cutaneous sensory nerve fibers was described, so cannabinoid
agonists seem a rational therapeutic option for pruritus.
PATIENTS: In an open application observation 22 patients with
prurigo, lichen simplex and pruritus applied an emollient
cream containing N-palmitoyl ethanolamine (PEA). RESULTS: In
14/22 patients a good antipruritic effect could be documented.
The average reduction in itch was 86.4%. The therapy was
well-tolerated by all patients; neither burning burn nor
contact dermatitis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Topical
cannabinoid agonists represent an new effective and
well-tolerated therapy for refractory itching of various
origins. Creams with a higher concentration may be even more
effective with broader indications.
PMID: 16874533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Vet J. 2007 Jan;173(1):21-30. Epub 2005 Dec 1. Links Comment
in: Vet J. 2007 Jan;173(1):14-5. Palmitoylethanolamide,
endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in
protection against tissue inflammation and pain: potential use
in companion animals.Re G, Barbero R, Miolo A, Di Marzo V=2E
Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44,
I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy. giovanni.re@unito.it
Endocannabinoids have analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties.
The biology of endocannabinoids, their receptors, signalling
mechanisms and role in the regulation of physiological
processes have been extensively reviewed. This review focuses
on the role of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous
fatty acid amide analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide,
in tissue protective mechanisms. PEA was first identified
almost five decades ago in lipid extracts of various natural
products, and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive
effects were established later. Evidence exists that PEA is
synthesised during inflammation and tissue damage and a number
of beneficial effects, including the relief of inflammation
and pruritus, have been shown to be useful in the control of
neurogenic and neuropathic pain. The postulated hypotheses as
to the mode of action of PEA include a possible local
autacoid-like mediator activity regulating mast-cell activity
and putative activation of cannabinoids and vanilloid TRPV1
receptors via "entourage" effects. The large number of
scientific investigations into the effects of PEA and PEA-
related compounds has given rise to new therapeutic
opportunities. In spite of the multitude of therapies
currently employed to control inflammation, pain, pruritus and
tissue damage, the possibility of using a natural compound,
such as PEA to manipulate endogenous protective mechanisms may
be considered a beneficial novel therapeutic strategy in
veterinary medicine.
PMID: 16324856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Jul;48(1):69-76. Links Therapeutic
effect of topical gamma-linolenic acid on refractory uremic
pruritus.Chen YC, Chiu WT, Wu MS. Division of Nephrology,
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
BACKGROUND: Pruritus is a bothersome symptom affecting up to
80% of dialysis patients. Lymphocyte and cytokine interaction
has an important role in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus.
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is associated with immune
modulation of T lymphocytes and lymphokines. The aim of this
study is to determine whether topical GLA can attenuate uremic
pruritus. METHODS: Seventeen dialysis patients with refractory
uremic pruritus who passed the screening criteria entered a
prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled,
crossover study. They stopped all antipruritic therapy at
least 2 weeks before the study and were randomly assigned to
treatment with either GLA 2.2% cream or placebo-based cream
applied to the entire body after taking a bath once a day and
to pruritic sites 3 times a day for 2 weeks, and then the
reverse treatment after a 2-week washout period. Severity of
pruritus was evaluated by using a traditional visual analogue
scale (VAS) and a modified questionnaire method (pruritus
score [PS]). Hemogram, aspartate and alanine
aminotransferases, bilirubin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen,
creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone
were measured. RESULTS: Sixteen patients completed the study;
1 patient was withdrawn because of an allergic skin reaction.
There were no significant differences between groups except
for sex distribution. Median VAS and PS values between groups
did not differ significantly at baseline. There is a greater
antipruritic effect of GLA based on evaluation with both the
VAS and PS. There is persistence of a residual effect into the
second treatment period after GLA treatment. CONCLUSION:
GLA-rich cream is better than placebo-based cream for
alleviating uremic pruritus. It is a useful adjuvant in the
management of refractory uremic pruritus.
PMID: 16797388 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
----
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1325747.html
11] gamma -linolenic acid can possibly be replaced by
equivalent amounts of the phospholipid fraction of the
soy-bean lecithin that is phosphatidylserine,
phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
Who loves ya. Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk