Ironjustic
Sat, Aug-12-06, 06:15
Poster presentation . Lifestyle and schizophrenia Ioannis
Christopoulos, Georgia Massouri, Vassilios Fotopoulos and
Themistokles Chamogeorgakis Dromokaiteion Psychiatric
Hospital, Athens, Greece
from International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 2nd
International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Thessaloniki,
Greece. 17-20 November 2005
Annals of General Psychiatry 2006, 5(Suppl 1):S78
doi:10.1186/1744-859X-5-S1-S78
Published 28 February 2006
First paragraph (this article has no abstract)
Several findings from the basic sciences, show the
involvement of the membrane phospholipids in brain
functioning. In particular, they are directly involved in all
signal transduction cascades and the overall function of all
the membrane-bound and membrane-associated proteins. The
essentiality of the essntial polyunsaturated fatty acids
(EPUFAs) has been established since 1929 by Burr and Burr.
There are two types of them: omega-3 and omega-6, so named
for the position of carbon double bonds in the chain. The
principal CNS EPUFAs are: eicosapntaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both omega-3, and arachidonic
acid (AA), which is omega-6. Extensive work has shown that AA
and DHA metabolism is altered in the very early stages in
schizophrenia. Reduced membrane PUFAs have been linked with
symptom severity and development of tardive dyskinesia. All
the findings taken together support the notion that the
molecular changes in membrane phospholipds may be present
prior to both clinical and biological manifestations of the
disorder. Most studies suggest that both AA and DHA are
critically involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia,
as dietary depletin of them on the foetus, in animal studies,
has resulted in significant morphological abnormalities in
brain regions, which are also involved in the pathophysiology
of schizophrenia.The same studies point at a significant
involvement of AA and DHA in the pathophysiology of the
disorder. The modern Western diet has changed into a meat and
saturated fat one, with asignificant rise in the consumption
of seed oils (such as sunflower and soybean), whose PUFA
content imainly omega-6 at the expense of omega-3 (the former
have much more inflammatory effects than the latter). The
omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 0.4-2.8:1 in the Palaeolithic
and evolutionary diets, but today, especially in the second
half of the 20th century, this ratio has risen to 17:1.
EPUFAs are also susceptible to peroxidation, which in turn is
associated with schizophrenia and compounded by a number of
factors, such as the unhealthy lifestyle of the patients with
the disorder. Taking all the above into account, it has been
proposed that schizophrenia is a membrane lipid disorder that
is expressed throughout the body and although the validity of
the hypothesis remains unknown, it has been shown beyond
doubt, using a variety of methods (including MRS), bith in
vivo and post-mortem, that there are significant alterations
of the phospholipids' biochemistry in the brains and the rest
of the body of patients with the disorder. Currently,
significant work is under way in the form of measuring the
therapeutic effect of interventions aiming to restore the
abnormality, involving both pharmacological inerventions and
lifestyle changes.
Who loves ya. Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
Christopoulos, Georgia Massouri, Vassilios Fotopoulos and
Themistokles Chamogeorgakis Dromokaiteion Psychiatric
Hospital, Athens, Greece
from International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 2nd
International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Thessaloniki,
Greece. 17-20 November 2005
Annals of General Psychiatry 2006, 5(Suppl 1):S78
doi:10.1186/1744-859X-5-S1-S78
Published 28 February 2006
First paragraph (this article has no abstract)
Several findings from the basic sciences, show the
involvement of the membrane phospholipids in brain
functioning. In particular, they are directly involved in all
signal transduction cascades and the overall function of all
the membrane-bound and membrane-associated proteins. The
essentiality of the essntial polyunsaturated fatty acids
(EPUFAs) has been established since 1929 by Burr and Burr.
There are two types of them: omega-3 and omega-6, so named
for the position of carbon double bonds in the chain. The
principal CNS EPUFAs are: eicosapntaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both omega-3, and arachidonic
acid (AA), which is omega-6. Extensive work has shown that AA
and DHA metabolism is altered in the very early stages in
schizophrenia. Reduced membrane PUFAs have been linked with
symptom severity and development of tardive dyskinesia. All
the findings taken together support the notion that the
molecular changes in membrane phospholipds may be present
prior to both clinical and biological manifestations of the
disorder. Most studies suggest that both AA and DHA are
critically involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia,
as dietary depletin of them on the foetus, in animal studies,
has resulted in significant morphological abnormalities in
brain regions, which are also involved in the pathophysiology
of schizophrenia.The same studies point at a significant
involvement of AA and DHA in the pathophysiology of the
disorder. The modern Western diet has changed into a meat and
saturated fat one, with asignificant rise in the consumption
of seed oils (such as sunflower and soybean), whose PUFA
content imainly omega-6 at the expense of omega-3 (the former
have much more inflammatory effects than the latter). The
omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 0.4-2.8:1 in the Palaeolithic
and evolutionary diets, but today, especially in the second
half of the 20th century, this ratio has risen to 17:1.
EPUFAs are also susceptible to peroxidation, which in turn is
associated with schizophrenia and compounded by a number of
factors, such as the unhealthy lifestyle of the patients with
the disorder. Taking all the above into account, it has been
proposed that schizophrenia is a membrane lipid disorder that
is expressed throughout the body and although the validity of
the hypothesis remains unknown, it has been shown beyond
doubt, using a variety of methods (including MRS), bith in
vivo and post-mortem, that there are significant alterations
of the phospholipids' biochemistry in the brains and the rest
of the body of patients with the disorder. Currently,
significant work is under way in the form of measuring the
therapeutic effect of interventions aiming to restore the
abnormality, involving both pharmacological inerventions and
lifestyle changes.
Who loves ya. Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore! http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk