Ironjustic
Thu, Apr-27-06, 17:17
Since the PROBLEM with the anti-psychotics IS the .. buildup
of iron .. then one might think the 'novel brain-targeted
antioxidant ' .. might be an iron .. chelator.
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005 Nov-Dec;28(6):285-8. Related
Articles, Links
A novel brain-targeted antioxidant (AD4) attenuates
haloperidol-induced abnormal movement in rats: implications
for tardive dyskinesia.
Sadan O, Bahat-Stromza M, Gilgun-Sherki Y, Atlas D, Melamed
E, Offen D.
Department of Neurology and Felsenstein Medical Research
Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, 49100 Israel.
BACKGROUND: Tardive dyskinesia (TD), characterized by abnormal
movements, is the major late-onset chronic side effect of
antipsychotic treatment found in about 30% of those patients.
The association of oxidative stress and the release of free
radicals is one of the hallmarks of dopaminergic malfunctions
and is one of the leading theories suggested for the
pathophysiology of TD. To this day, no brain-targeted
antioxidant has been tested as a potential treatment of TD. In
light of this assumption, the authors chose a novel,
low-molecular weight thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine
amide (AD4), that crosses the blood-brain barrier as a
possible treatment of TD. OBJECTIVE: To examine the protective
effects of the novel brain-penetrating antioxidant AD4 on TD
experimental models. METHODS: The typical vacuous chewing
movement occurs in rats following chronic haloperidol
injections (1.5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 21 days). This
purposeless mouth opening in the vertical plane is similar to
TD symptoms in humans. The authors tested rats treated with
haloperidol without or with AD4 in the drinking water (1 g/kg
orally). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and
anticarbonyl antibodies were used to measure oxidation of
membranes and proteins. RESULTS: Haloperidol increased the
vacuous chewing movements to 66.5 +/- 7.6 movements/5 minutes
compared with 16.4 +/- 2.4 movements/5 minutes in untreated
rats (P < 0.01). Coadministration of haloperidol and AD4
decreased the vacuous chewing movements level to 42.1 +/- 6.7
movements/5 minutes (P < 0.05). Haloperidol also increased the
level of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the rat
brain, whereas coadministration with AD4 preserved their
normal levels. CONCLUSION: Haloperidol causes behavioral
abnormalities associated with oxidative stress in rats,
similar to TD. AD4, the brain-targeted potent antioxidant,
reduces the cellular oxidation markers and improves the
typical clinical behavior. Hence, AD4 is a potential new
treatment of antipsychotic-induced TD.
PMID: 16340385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Who loves ya. Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking
of iron .. then one might think the 'novel brain-targeted
antioxidant ' .. might be an iron .. chelator.
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005 Nov-Dec;28(6):285-8. Related
Articles, Links
A novel brain-targeted antioxidant (AD4) attenuates
haloperidol-induced abnormal movement in rats: implications
for tardive dyskinesia.
Sadan O, Bahat-Stromza M, Gilgun-Sherki Y, Atlas D, Melamed
E, Offen D.
Department of Neurology and Felsenstein Medical Research
Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, 49100 Israel.
BACKGROUND: Tardive dyskinesia (TD), characterized by abnormal
movements, is the major late-onset chronic side effect of
antipsychotic treatment found in about 30% of those patients.
The association of oxidative stress and the release of free
radicals is one of the hallmarks of dopaminergic malfunctions
and is one of the leading theories suggested for the
pathophysiology of TD. To this day, no brain-targeted
antioxidant has been tested as a potential treatment of TD. In
light of this assumption, the authors chose a novel,
low-molecular weight thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine
amide (AD4), that crosses the blood-brain barrier as a
possible treatment of TD. OBJECTIVE: To examine the protective
effects of the novel brain-penetrating antioxidant AD4 on TD
experimental models. METHODS: The typical vacuous chewing
movement occurs in rats following chronic haloperidol
injections (1.5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 21 days). This
purposeless mouth opening in the vertical plane is similar to
TD symptoms in humans. The authors tested rats treated with
haloperidol without or with AD4 in the drinking water (1 g/kg
orally). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and
anticarbonyl antibodies were used to measure oxidation of
membranes and proteins. RESULTS: Haloperidol increased the
vacuous chewing movements to 66.5 +/- 7.6 movements/5 minutes
compared with 16.4 +/- 2.4 movements/5 minutes in untreated
rats (P < 0.01). Coadministration of haloperidol and AD4
decreased the vacuous chewing movements level to 42.1 +/- 6.7
movements/5 minutes (P < 0.05). Haloperidol also increased the
level of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the rat
brain, whereas coadministration with AD4 preserved their
normal levels. CONCLUSION: Haloperidol causes behavioral
abnormalities associated with oxidative stress in rats,
similar to TD. AD4, the brain-targeted potent antioxidant,
reduces the cellular oxidation markers and improves the
typical clinical behavior. Hence, AD4 is a potential new
treatment of antipsychotic-induced TD.
PMID: 16340385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------
Who loves ya. Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking