Ironjustic
Wed, Dec-14-05, 06:15
This article seems to give credence to the increasing levels
of iron .. leading to .. disease .. proliferation.
Lactoferrin an iron binding protein is able to stop the
disease when it is unloaded / no iron on board /
apolactoferrin .. but .. when saturated / bound up with iron /
holotransferrin .. the pathogen can access the iron.
http://www.brinkzone.com/lacto.html
<<snip>> lactoferrin is hololactoferrin in its iron bound form
and apolactoferrin in its iron depleted form <<snip>>
Microbiology. 2005 Dec;151(Pt 12):3859-3871. Links
Human hololactoferrin: endocytosis and use as an iron source
by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
Leon-Sicairos N, Reyes-Lopez M, Canizalez-Roman A,
Bermudez-Cruz RM, Serrano-Luna J, Arroyo R, de la Garza M.
Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y
de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, Mexico, D F
07000, Mexico.
Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric protozoan that exclusively
infects human beings. This parasite requires iron for its
metabolic functions. Lactoferrin is a mammalian glycoprotein
that chelates extracellular iron on mucosal surfaces,
including the surface of the large intestine, where E.
histolytica initiates infection. This work examined the
interaction in vitro of E. histolytica trophozoites with human
hololactoferrin (iron-saturated lactoferrin). A minimum
concentration of 50 muM Fe from hololactoferrin supported
growth of the amoeba. Amoebic binding sites for
hololactoferrin were different from those for human
apolactoferrin, holotransferrin and haemoglobin. One amoebic
hololactoferrrin-binding polypeptide of 90 kDa was found,
which was not observed after treatment of trophozoites with
trypsin. Hololactoferrin-binding-protein levels increased in
amoebas starved of iron, or grown in hololactoferrin.
Internalization of hololactoferrin was inhibited by filipin.
Endocytosed hololactoferrin colocalized with an anti-chick
embryo caveolin mAb in amoebic vesicles, and lactoferrin was
further detected in acidic vesicles; amoebic caveolin of 22
kDa was detected by Western blotting using this antibody.
Cysteine proteases from amoebic extracts were able to cleave
hololactoferrin. Together, these data indicate that E.
histolytica trophozoites bind to hololactoferrin through
specific membrane lactoferrin-binding proteins. This ferric
protein might be internalized via caveolae-like microdomains,
then used as an iron source, and degraded.
PMID: 16339932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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--------------=
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<<snip>> Lactoferrin probably exerts its effect at the level
of viral adsorption, <<snip>>
: J Infect Dis 2002 Oct 15;186(8):1161-1164 Links
Lactoferrin Inhibits Enterovirus 71 Infection of Human
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells In Vitro.
Lin TY, Chu C, Chiu CH.
Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital,
Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), the newest member of Enterovirudae, is
notable for its etiological role in epidemics of severe
neurological diseases in children. It appears to be emerging
as an important virulent neurotropic enterovirus in the
upcoming era of poliomyelitis eradication, whereas no
effective vaccine or antiviral agents are available at this
moment. Human and bovine lactoferrins, iron-binding proteins
belonging to the nonimmune defense system, were assayed in
vitro to assess their inhibiting capacity on the cytopathic
effect of EV71 on human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells.
Both bovine and human lactoferrins were found to be potent
inhibitors of EV71 infection (mean IC(50), 10.5-24.5 &mgr;g/mL
and 103.3-185.0 &mgr;g/mL, respectively). Lactoferrin probably
exerts its effect at the
level of viral adsorption, since the ongoing infection could
not be further inhibited after the EV71 penetrated RD cells.
PMID: 12355368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------= =AD-
Who loves ya. Tom
--
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking
of iron .. leading to .. disease .. proliferation.
Lactoferrin an iron binding protein is able to stop the
disease when it is unloaded / no iron on board /
apolactoferrin .. but .. when saturated / bound up with iron /
holotransferrin .. the pathogen can access the iron.
http://www.brinkzone.com/lacto.html
<<snip>> lactoferrin is hololactoferrin in its iron bound form
and apolactoferrin in its iron depleted form <<snip>>
Microbiology. 2005 Dec;151(Pt 12):3859-3871. Links
Human hololactoferrin: endocytosis and use as an iron source
by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
Leon-Sicairos N, Reyes-Lopez M, Canizalez-Roman A,
Bermudez-Cruz RM, Serrano-Luna J, Arroyo R, de la Garza M.
Departamento de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigacion y
de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apdo. 14-740, Mexico, D F
07000, Mexico.
Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric protozoan that exclusively
infects human beings. This parasite requires iron for its
metabolic functions. Lactoferrin is a mammalian glycoprotein
that chelates extracellular iron on mucosal surfaces,
including the surface of the large intestine, where E.
histolytica initiates infection. This work examined the
interaction in vitro of E. histolytica trophozoites with human
hololactoferrin (iron-saturated lactoferrin). A minimum
concentration of 50 muM Fe from hololactoferrin supported
growth of the amoeba. Amoebic binding sites for
hololactoferrin were different from those for human
apolactoferrin, holotransferrin and haemoglobin. One amoebic
hololactoferrrin-binding polypeptide of 90 kDa was found,
which was not observed after treatment of trophozoites with
trypsin. Hololactoferrin-binding-protein levels increased in
amoebas starved of iron, or grown in hololactoferrin.
Internalization of hololactoferrin was inhibited by filipin.
Endocytosed hololactoferrin colocalized with an anti-chick
embryo caveolin mAb in amoebic vesicles, and lactoferrin was
further detected in acidic vesicles; amoebic caveolin of 22
kDa was detected by Western blotting using this antibody.
Cysteine proteases from amoebic extracts were able to cleave
hololactoferrin. Together, these data indicate that E.
histolytica trophozoites bind to hololactoferrin through
specific membrane lactoferrin-binding proteins. This ferric
protein might be internalized via caveolae-like microdomains,
then used as an iron source, and degraded.
PMID: 16339932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------=
-----
<<snip>> Lactoferrin probably exerts its effect at the level
of viral adsorption, <<snip>>
: J Infect Dis 2002 Oct 15;186(8):1161-1164 Links
Lactoferrin Inhibits Enterovirus 71 Infection of Human
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells In Vitro.
Lin TY, Chu C, Chiu CH.
Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital,
Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), the newest member of Enterovirudae, is
notable for its etiological role in epidemics of severe
neurological diseases in children. It appears to be emerging
as an important virulent neurotropic enterovirus in the
upcoming era of poliomyelitis eradication, whereas no
effective vaccine or antiviral agents are available at this
moment. Human and bovine lactoferrins, iron-binding proteins
belonging to the nonimmune defense system, were assayed in
vitro to assess their inhibiting capacity on the cytopathic
effect of EV71 on human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells.
Both bovine and human lactoferrins were found to be potent
inhibitors of EV71 infection (mean IC(50), 10.5-24.5 &mgr;g/mL
and 103.3-185.0 &mgr;g/mL, respectively). Lactoferrin probably
exerts its effect at the
level of viral adsorption, since the ongoing infection could
not be further inhibited after the EV71 penetrated RD cells.
PMID: 12355368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------= =AD-
Who loves ya. Tom
--
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking