theanswer
Sat, Aug-07-04, 22:01
I’ve been a casual observer to these boards for a few weeks now, and I now feel compelled to share my $.02
I respect the fact that there are some intelligent people on this board –people who have done their homework. I also realize that nothing I say will convince anybody here otherwise, and that there will be negative responses to this post. I understand, and fully respect your opinions. I have read Atkins book (New diet revolution), I just don’t agree with most of his conclusions. I find humour in the fact that people assume that if you’ve read the book, then surely you must agree with it. Based on other research, and my own clinical experience – I have to say that I am not convinced.
This board is truly entertaining on many fronts. First of all, this section in particular is entitled “war zone”. Call me crazy, but this denotes to me that there may be (get ready for this)…opinions that differ from the LC way of life! In reading posts by Wildcard and more recently, Willam - it was amusing to me just how sensitive and irritable low carbers get when somebody suggests ideas that are even remotely out of the confines of your safe little low carb asylum (irritability, is after all a side effect of low carb) . If the intention of this board is to be strictly for “support”, then I would encourage the moderators to eliminate this category altogether, or at the very least, direct contributors to the “please read before posting here” section.
Now, on to other issues. I will explain why I don’t think LCD’s (particularly Atkins) are the be-all-end-all health panacea they are being touted as. I will even save you the trouble of responding to my assertions by giving you the “typical” low carb response in certain cases. But first, some common ground.
Yes, we know that refined grains and sugar are not conducive to good health, and can (as a result of excess calories and the affect of the insulin overreaction) result in excess weight gain. We hardly need to buy Atkins books (and hybrids) to tell us this. Every dietician I have encountered agrees with this. Which brings me to my first point.
1)Interesting how dieticians are constantly bashed on this board (again, for not conforming to the tyranny of low carb pride). I don’t know ANY RD that espouses eating a lot of REFINED carbs – unless they are training. And all of them recommend moderating sugar. Susan Kleiner (PhD, RD) for one, encourages moderate carbohydrate, and higher protein eating. You cannot expect experts such as RD’s and other health care professionals to instantaneously change their entire philosophies when they have substantially more research to back up their methods.
Low carber response: “Nooooo, dieticians are all out to get low carb, and they are all biased and narrow-minded.
2)As an appendage to point #1: The onus should be on low carbers to substantiate their claims and provide blind, peer-reviewed, carefully controlled research of the long term safety and efficacy of the diet. Thus far, the only thing they have proven is that the diet produces short-term weight loss. Show me a five year, ten year, twelve-year study that demonstrates long-term weight loss success, lower heart disease risk factors (LDL cholesterol, abdominal adiposity, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, homocystine, etc). Atkins and his successors have had plenty of opportunity to do so since 1972. This glibly leads me into point #3
3)What do you define as “works”? In the case of Atkins, it seems as though success is measured primarily by the scale weight. Very intuitive of him as losing scale weight through water and carbohydrate loss is expected. Further weight loss is due to a reduction of TOTAL CALORIES, not eliminating “fattening” carbs.
Low carber response: You are ignorant and you should be shot. I eat way more than I ever did with the evil low fat/high carb eating!
My rebuttal: Probably not – ketosis causes a loss of appetite, and eliminating an entire food group will make it very difficult to eat excess calories. I give Dr. A credit here – the man had some good foresight.
4)The entire premise (carbs are making us fat) is flawed: Consider that in the past 20 years, the caloric intake for every man, women and child has increased by over 400 Kcals. Yes, many of them were simple carbs in the form of high fructose corn syrup (which does have an effect on fat accumulation). But as I mentioned before, I agree with you there. Cutting out any whole grain is asinine and completely unnecessary. Whole grain consumption has been shown to; Lower high cholesterol, lower high blood pressure, lower blood insulin levels and reduce body fat (Framingham Heart Study – the world’s largest study of heart disease, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition). Including smaller amounts of refined grains and sugar once in a while in the diet should be enough to help curb cravings and not impact fat loss whatsoever. The word “carbs” should never be used unless preceded by the words “good” or “bad”
Low carber response: No – Atkins told us all that carbs are all wrong, and we believe him.
5)Restricting that many fruits and whole grains makes it almost impossible to get all the necessary vitamins, minerals and especially phytochemicals: It’s no coincidence that Atkins Nutritionals sells expensive supplements to be used with his diet. But it is impossible to reproduce the effects of phytochemicals (that only come from plants) in a pill. Plus, even on the maintenance phase of the diet, it is still low in fiber and high in saturated fat.
6)Healthy Populations Eat Carbs: The idea that a high carb diet is responsible for obesity and illness (a concept supported by low carb plans) is completely contradicted by many population-based studies. For instance, in Japan, carbohydrates compose the overwhelming majority of daily caloric intake. High carb foods like grains, rice, and vegetables are daily staples of Japanese life, and intake of high protein, high fat animal products is minimal. In contrast to the reported "evils" of carbohydrates touted by low carb plans, Japan has one of the lowest rates of obesity, heart disease, cancer and diabetes in the world. Enough said.
7)Atkins: Flawed and misleading studies: The research says the Atkins Diet makes people sick. The most recent study paid for by the Robert C. Atkins Foundation found three of the 59 participants in the Atkins group dropped out; 2 because of a rise in LDL-cholesterol and one because of shakiness and uneasiness. Many troublesome problems occurred frequently in the low-carbohydrate diet (Atkins) group. (From Atkins own study)
Symptom (% of patients complaining)
Constipation (68%)
Headache (60%)
Halitosis (38%)
Muscle cramps (35%)
General weakness (25%)
Diarrhea (23%)
Rash (13%)
Further, overly favourable Atkins studies, including two recent, prominent studies were funded by the Atkins foundation (University of Duke and UConn)
Plus the website features “independent scientific studies” that have, as they say, “consistently and repeatedly vindicated” the Atkins diet. But, 5 of these 18 studies are just unpublished abstracts. Another 6 are either solely funded by the Atkins foundation or written by co-authors of other studies solely funded by Atkins. And, according to the New England Journal of Medicine (May 2000), this is a conflict of interest, since “the boundaries get blurred” and the sponsor always tends to get the results they want and pay for.
8)Exercise is the number one factor when it comes to body fat management and long term success. A strictly controlled carb diet does not allow for optimal fueling of the muscles during exercise and results in a lowered exercise capacity.
9)Increasing daily exercise should be the primary goal – rather than “weight loss”. By increasing activity levels, even if you don’t notice a major difference is scale weight, you can drastically reduce coronary risk factors. People who exercise regularly can enjoy a variety of foods (including pasta, potatoes, etc.) and do not have to worry about counting carbs. This will also improve insulin sensitivity, and increase the production of fat-burning hormones, enzymes and neurotransmitters. I believe that people can achieve optimal health by eating outside the confines of the traditional food guide pyramid, but I think low carb has gone to too much of an extreme. I agree with regular consumption of healthy fats such as omega-3’s and monounsaturated fats. I also believe that one can consume up to 2g/kg of protein safely (lean sources are best).
This is all for now – if I think of anything else (and if I don’t get kicked off this board) I would be happy to contribute some more thoughts.
Oh, and God Bless you, Lauren L – very courageous. It is unfortunate that people are callous enough to call you a liar.
Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, Szapary PO, Rader DJ, Edman JS, Klein S. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2082-90.
Stern L, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, Williams M, Gracely EJ, Samaha FF. The Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Conventional Weight Loss Diets in Severely Obese Adults: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 18;140(10):778-785.
Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, Williams T, Williams M, Gracely EJ, Stern L. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2074-81.
Yancy WS Jr, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC. A Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet To Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 18;140(10):769-777.
Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1617-23.
Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS. Very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets affect fasting lipids and postprandial lipemia differently in overweight men. J Nutr. 2004 Apr;134(4):880-5.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. An isoenergetic very low carbohydrate diet improves serum HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio and postprandial pipemic responses compared with a low fat diet in normal weight, normolipidemic women. J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2756-61.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, DiPasquale C, Roti M, Pumerantz A, Kraemer WJ. Comparison of a very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet on fasting lipids, LDL subclasses, insulin resistance, and postprandial lipemic responses in overweight women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Apr;23(2):177-84.
Sondike SB, Copperman N, Jacobson MS. Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescents. J Pediatr. 2003 Mar;142(3):253-8.
Westman EC, Yancy WS, Edman JS, Tomlin KF, Perkins CE. Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program. Am J Med. 2002 Jul;113(1):30-6.
Sharman MJ, Kraemer WJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Volek JS. A ketogenic diet favorably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1879-85.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism. 2002 Jul;51(7):864-70.
Volek JS, Gomez AL, Kraemer WJ. Fasting lipoprotein and postprandial triacylglycerol responses to a low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Jun;19(3):383-91.
Kwiterovich PO Jr, Vining EP, Pyzik P, Skolasky R Jr, Freeman JM. Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. JAMA. 2003 Aug 20;290(7):912-20.
Alford BB, Blankenship AC, Hagen RD. The effects of variations in carbohydrate, protein, and fat content of the diet upon weight loss, blood values, and nutrient intake of adult obese women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Apr;90(4):534-40.
Gutierrez M, Akhavan M, Jovanovic L, Peterson CM. Utility of a short-term 25% carbohydrate diet on improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):595-600.
Hays JH, DiSabatino A, Gorman RT, Vincent S, Stillabower ME. Effect of a high saturated fat and no-starch diet on serum lipid subfractions in patients with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Nov;78(11):1331-6.
1 Larosa JC, Fry AG, Muesing R, Rosing DR. Effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate dieting on plasma lipoproteins and body weight. J Am Diet Assoc. 1980 Sep;77(3):264-70.
Heart Disease, Alternative Medicine Digest, Burton Godlberg Group, 1998
Reclaim Your Health, David & Anne Frahm, Penguin Putnam
Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill, Udo Erasmus, Alive Books, 1993
The Healing Power of Foods, Michael Murray, N.D. Prima Pub. 1993
Carmichael, H.A. 1982. Uses of nutritional precursors of Prostaglandin El in the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis & Chronic Coxsackie Infection. Clin Uses of Essential Fatty Acids. Horrobin, ed. Eden Press Inc.
Health Eating for Healthy Joints, Mark Occhipinti, M.S., Ph.D., N.D. [candidate] Vermilion Press. 1999
The New Arthritis and Common Sense, Mark Occhipinti, M.S., Ph.D., N.D. [candidate] Vermilion Press. 1999
I respect the fact that there are some intelligent people on this board –people who have done their homework. I also realize that nothing I say will convince anybody here otherwise, and that there will be negative responses to this post. I understand, and fully respect your opinions. I have read Atkins book (New diet revolution), I just don’t agree with most of his conclusions. I find humour in the fact that people assume that if you’ve read the book, then surely you must agree with it. Based on other research, and my own clinical experience – I have to say that I am not convinced.
This board is truly entertaining on many fronts. First of all, this section in particular is entitled “war zone”. Call me crazy, but this denotes to me that there may be (get ready for this)…opinions that differ from the LC way of life! In reading posts by Wildcard and more recently, Willam - it was amusing to me just how sensitive and irritable low carbers get when somebody suggests ideas that are even remotely out of the confines of your safe little low carb asylum (irritability, is after all a side effect of low carb) . If the intention of this board is to be strictly for “support”, then I would encourage the moderators to eliminate this category altogether, or at the very least, direct contributors to the “please read before posting here” section.
Now, on to other issues. I will explain why I don’t think LCD’s (particularly Atkins) are the be-all-end-all health panacea they are being touted as. I will even save you the trouble of responding to my assertions by giving you the “typical” low carb response in certain cases. But first, some common ground.
Yes, we know that refined grains and sugar are not conducive to good health, and can (as a result of excess calories and the affect of the insulin overreaction) result in excess weight gain. We hardly need to buy Atkins books (and hybrids) to tell us this. Every dietician I have encountered agrees with this. Which brings me to my first point.
1)Interesting how dieticians are constantly bashed on this board (again, for not conforming to the tyranny of low carb pride). I don’t know ANY RD that espouses eating a lot of REFINED carbs – unless they are training. And all of them recommend moderating sugar. Susan Kleiner (PhD, RD) for one, encourages moderate carbohydrate, and higher protein eating. You cannot expect experts such as RD’s and other health care professionals to instantaneously change their entire philosophies when they have substantially more research to back up their methods.
Low carber response: “Nooooo, dieticians are all out to get low carb, and they are all biased and narrow-minded.
2)As an appendage to point #1: The onus should be on low carbers to substantiate their claims and provide blind, peer-reviewed, carefully controlled research of the long term safety and efficacy of the diet. Thus far, the only thing they have proven is that the diet produces short-term weight loss. Show me a five year, ten year, twelve-year study that demonstrates long-term weight loss success, lower heart disease risk factors (LDL cholesterol, abdominal adiposity, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, homocystine, etc). Atkins and his successors have had plenty of opportunity to do so since 1972. This glibly leads me into point #3
3)What do you define as “works”? In the case of Atkins, it seems as though success is measured primarily by the scale weight. Very intuitive of him as losing scale weight through water and carbohydrate loss is expected. Further weight loss is due to a reduction of TOTAL CALORIES, not eliminating “fattening” carbs.
Low carber response: You are ignorant and you should be shot. I eat way more than I ever did with the evil low fat/high carb eating!
My rebuttal: Probably not – ketosis causes a loss of appetite, and eliminating an entire food group will make it very difficult to eat excess calories. I give Dr. A credit here – the man had some good foresight.
4)The entire premise (carbs are making us fat) is flawed: Consider that in the past 20 years, the caloric intake for every man, women and child has increased by over 400 Kcals. Yes, many of them were simple carbs in the form of high fructose corn syrup (which does have an effect on fat accumulation). But as I mentioned before, I agree with you there. Cutting out any whole grain is asinine and completely unnecessary. Whole grain consumption has been shown to; Lower high cholesterol, lower high blood pressure, lower blood insulin levels and reduce body fat (Framingham Heart Study – the world’s largest study of heart disease, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition). Including smaller amounts of refined grains and sugar once in a while in the diet should be enough to help curb cravings and not impact fat loss whatsoever. The word “carbs” should never be used unless preceded by the words “good” or “bad”
Low carber response: No – Atkins told us all that carbs are all wrong, and we believe him.
5)Restricting that many fruits and whole grains makes it almost impossible to get all the necessary vitamins, minerals and especially phytochemicals: It’s no coincidence that Atkins Nutritionals sells expensive supplements to be used with his diet. But it is impossible to reproduce the effects of phytochemicals (that only come from plants) in a pill. Plus, even on the maintenance phase of the diet, it is still low in fiber and high in saturated fat.
6)Healthy Populations Eat Carbs: The idea that a high carb diet is responsible for obesity and illness (a concept supported by low carb plans) is completely contradicted by many population-based studies. For instance, in Japan, carbohydrates compose the overwhelming majority of daily caloric intake. High carb foods like grains, rice, and vegetables are daily staples of Japanese life, and intake of high protein, high fat animal products is minimal. In contrast to the reported "evils" of carbohydrates touted by low carb plans, Japan has one of the lowest rates of obesity, heart disease, cancer and diabetes in the world. Enough said.
7)Atkins: Flawed and misleading studies: The research says the Atkins Diet makes people sick. The most recent study paid for by the Robert C. Atkins Foundation found three of the 59 participants in the Atkins group dropped out; 2 because of a rise in LDL-cholesterol and one because of shakiness and uneasiness. Many troublesome problems occurred frequently in the low-carbohydrate diet (Atkins) group. (From Atkins own study)
Symptom (% of patients complaining)
Constipation (68%)
Headache (60%)
Halitosis (38%)
Muscle cramps (35%)
General weakness (25%)
Diarrhea (23%)
Rash (13%)
Further, overly favourable Atkins studies, including two recent, prominent studies were funded by the Atkins foundation (University of Duke and UConn)
Plus the website features “independent scientific studies” that have, as they say, “consistently and repeatedly vindicated” the Atkins diet. But, 5 of these 18 studies are just unpublished abstracts. Another 6 are either solely funded by the Atkins foundation or written by co-authors of other studies solely funded by Atkins. And, according to the New England Journal of Medicine (May 2000), this is a conflict of interest, since “the boundaries get blurred” and the sponsor always tends to get the results they want and pay for.
8)Exercise is the number one factor when it comes to body fat management and long term success. A strictly controlled carb diet does not allow for optimal fueling of the muscles during exercise and results in a lowered exercise capacity.
9)Increasing daily exercise should be the primary goal – rather than “weight loss”. By increasing activity levels, even if you don’t notice a major difference is scale weight, you can drastically reduce coronary risk factors. People who exercise regularly can enjoy a variety of foods (including pasta, potatoes, etc.) and do not have to worry about counting carbs. This will also improve insulin sensitivity, and increase the production of fat-burning hormones, enzymes and neurotransmitters. I believe that people can achieve optimal health by eating outside the confines of the traditional food guide pyramid, but I think low carb has gone to too much of an extreme. I agree with regular consumption of healthy fats such as omega-3’s and monounsaturated fats. I also believe that one can consume up to 2g/kg of protein safely (lean sources are best).
This is all for now – if I think of anything else (and if I don’t get kicked off this board) I would be happy to contribute some more thoughts.
Oh, and God Bless you, Lauren L – very courageous. It is unfortunate that people are callous enough to call you a liar.
Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, Szapary PO, Rader DJ, Edman JS, Klein S. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2082-90.
Stern L, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, Williams M, Gracely EJ, Samaha FF. The Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Conventional Weight Loss Diets in Severely Obese Adults: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 18;140(10):778-785.
Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, Williams T, Williams M, Gracely EJ, Stern L. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2074-81.
Yancy WS Jr, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC. A Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet To Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 May 18;140(10):769-777.
Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1617-23.
Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS. Very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets affect fasting lipids and postprandial lipemia differently in overweight men. J Nutr. 2004 Apr;134(4):880-5.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. An isoenergetic very low carbohydrate diet improves serum HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio and postprandial pipemic responses compared with a low fat diet in normal weight, normolipidemic women. J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2756-61.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, DiPasquale C, Roti M, Pumerantz A, Kraemer WJ. Comparison of a very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet on fasting lipids, LDL subclasses, insulin resistance, and postprandial lipemic responses in overweight women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Apr;23(2):177-84.
Sondike SB, Copperman N, Jacobson MS. Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor in overweight adolescents. J Pediatr. 2003 Mar;142(3):253-8.
Westman EC, Yancy WS, Edman JS, Tomlin KF, Perkins CE. Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program. Am J Med. 2002 Jul;113(1):30-6.
Sharman MJ, Kraemer WJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Volek JS. A ketogenic diet favorably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1879-85.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism. 2002 Jul;51(7):864-70.
Volek JS, Gomez AL, Kraemer WJ. Fasting lipoprotein and postprandial triacylglycerol responses to a low-carbohydrate diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Jun;19(3):383-91.
Kwiterovich PO Jr, Vining EP, Pyzik P, Skolasky R Jr, Freeman JM. Effect of a high-fat ketogenic diet on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in children. JAMA. 2003 Aug 20;290(7):912-20.
Alford BB, Blankenship AC, Hagen RD. The effects of variations in carbohydrate, protein, and fat content of the diet upon weight loss, blood values, and nutrient intake of adult obese women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Apr;90(4):534-40.
Gutierrez M, Akhavan M, Jovanovic L, Peterson CM. Utility of a short-term 25% carbohydrate diet on improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):595-600.
Hays JH, DiSabatino A, Gorman RT, Vincent S, Stillabower ME. Effect of a high saturated fat and no-starch diet on serum lipid subfractions in patients with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Nov;78(11):1331-6.
1 Larosa JC, Fry AG, Muesing R, Rosing DR. Effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate dieting on plasma lipoproteins and body weight. J Am Diet Assoc. 1980 Sep;77(3):264-70.
Heart Disease, Alternative Medicine Digest, Burton Godlberg Group, 1998
Reclaim Your Health, David & Anne Frahm, Penguin Putnam
Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill, Udo Erasmus, Alive Books, 1993
The Healing Power of Foods, Michael Murray, N.D. Prima Pub. 1993
Carmichael, H.A. 1982. Uses of nutritional precursors of Prostaglandin El in the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis & Chronic Coxsackie Infection. Clin Uses of Essential Fatty Acids. Horrobin, ed. Eden Press Inc.
Health Eating for Healthy Joints, Mark Occhipinti, M.S., Ph.D., N.D. [candidate] Vermilion Press. 1999
The New Arthritis and Common Sense, Mark Occhipinti, M.S., Ph.D., N.D. [candidate] Vermilion Press. 1999