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Ed Conrad
Thu, Nov-20-03, 19:14
< < In 1963, the editors of American Behavioral Scientist
magazine were convinced of the merits of Dr. Immanuel
Velikovsky's science -- contained in "Worlds in Collision" and
"Earth in Upheaval," published in the early 1950s -- and were
aware of the mushroom cloud of denial that had been generated
from within the scientific community. < The editors considered
these events to be of major importance to the history of
science. < Therefore, they displayed tremendous courage by
devoting their September 1963 issue to defending Velikovsky. <
It contained three papers dealing with the Velikovsky
controversy -- by Ralph Juergens, Livio Stecchini and
publisher Alfred de Grazia, as well as a paper submitted by
Velikovsky himself. < Three years later -- in 1966 -- this
edition of American Behavioral Scientist wound up as a
hard-cover book entitled "The Velikovsky Affair: The Warfare
of Science and Scientism," edited by de Grazia and published
by University Books Inc., New Hyde Park, N.Y. <
~~~~
<
> "THE VELIKOVSKY AFFAIR" Foreward (by
> Alfred de Grazia)
< In 1950, a book called Worlds in Collision, by Dr. Immanuel
Velikovsky, gave rise to a controversy in scientific and
intellectual circles about scientific theories and the
sociology of science. <
Dr. Velikovsky's historical and cosmological concepts,
bolstered by his acknowledged scholarship, constituted a
formidable assault on certain established theories of
astronomy, geology and historical biology, and on the
heroes of those sciences. < Newton, himself, and Darwin
were being challenged, and indeed the general orthodoxy of
an ordered universe. < The substance of Velikovsky's ideas
is briefly presented in the first chapter of this book. <
What must be called the scientific establishment rose in
arms, not only against th new Velikovsky theories but
against the man himself. Efforts were made to block
dissemination of Dr. Velikovsky's ideas, and even to
punish supporters of his investigations. <
>Universities, scientific societies, publishing houses, the
>popular press were approached and threatened; social
>pressures and professional sanctions were invoked to control
>public opinion.
< There is no doubt that in a totalitarian society, not only
would Dr. Velikovsky's reputation have been at stake, but also
his right to pursue his inquiry, and perhaps his own personal
safety. < As it was, the "establishment" succeeded in building
a wall of unfavorable sentiment around him: to thousands of
scholars the name of Velikovsky bears the taint of fantasy,
science-fiction and publicity. < He could not be suppressed
entirely. In the next few years he published three more books.
He carried on a large correspondence. And he was helped by
friends and by a large general public composed of persons
outside of the establishments of science. < The probings of
spacecraft tended to confirm -- never to disprove -- his
arguments. <
> Eventually, the venomous aspects of the controversy, the
> efforts at suppression, the campaign of vilification loomed
> almost as large, in their consequences to science, as the
> original issue.
< Social scientists, who had been generally aware of Dr.
Velikovsky's work, now found themselves in the thick of the
conflict. The involvement of the social and behavioral
sciences in the scientific theories of Velikovsky was higher
than had been earlier appreciated. < The social sciences are
the basis of Velikvsky's work: despite his proficiency in the
natural sciences, it is by the use of the methodology of
social science that Velikovsky launched his challenge to
accepted cosmological theories. < No one pretends that this
method is adequate. New forms of interdisciplinary research
are needed to wed, for example, the study of myth with the
study of meteorities. < Nor does one have to agree that
Velikovsky is the greatest technician of mythology, even while
granting his great conceptual and synthesizing powers. <
Whatever the scientific substance, the controversy inself
could not be avoided or dismissed by behavioral science. <
> The problem of sicence is one of the agitating problems of
> the twentieth century. The issues are clear: Who determines
> scientific truth: Who are its high priests, and what is
> their warrant? How do they establish their canons? What
> effects do they have on the freedom of inquiry, and on
> public interest?
< In the end, some judgment must be passed upon the behavior
of the scientific world and, if adverse, some remedies must be
proposed . . . < It is our hope that the publication of these
papers in the present volume (a revised and enlarged version)
will make it less easy for Velikovsky's new work to be
suppressed, or lightly dismissed.
>
We hope, too, that they will help scientists and interested
laymen everywhere to rehearse the problems and to reform the
errors of the vast enterprise of science.
>
Ed Conrad
> http://www.edconrad.com
< Man as Old as Coal
>
=================================================
<
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< Specimens -- Some Human -- Found Between Coal Veins)
>
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